Ultra Scientist of Physical Sciences : Abstract of Vol. 14(2)

Zinc and Cadmium Concentrations in the Tissues of Fish from the Arabian Gulf
Ibrahim N. Al-Suwiti
Abstract: A survey was carried out to ascertain Zn and Cd concentrations in three common fish species of the Arabian Gulf. The concentration of these metals was determined in the liver, muscle and gills of Lethrimus Ientjan, Epinephelus microdon and Syganus rivulatus, captured from Gulf waters in the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia.

The overall results indicated that Zn and Cd concentrations were generally within normal ranges for fish of this type, indicating no evidence of significant contamination. However, marked differences in the concentrations of these metals were observed between the three species and also between different tissues within the same species.

Keywords: Arab Gulf, metals, tissues.

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Accumulation in Shiraz Berries
M. GHOLAMI
Abstract: Grape berries contain relatively large amounts of anthocyanins and other polyphenols which contribute greatly to their appearance. In this research the contribution of leaves in the anthocyanin biosynthesis through the phloem unloading into a black cultivar grape berries after inception of veraison was investigated to elucidate that how much anthocyanin could be synthesized by using seed reserved tanins. The grape clusters were isolated by two girdlings in such a way that disconnected the bunch from the phloem of the shoot. The girdlings were done at different times from two weeks before verasion upto a week after verasion in a week intervals. Sugar as a total soluble solids in berry juice (°Brix), the amount of anthocyanins, polyphenols and G-G (Glycosidic Glucose) were measured. The berry weight, mean seed weight and some other factors also were measured. The results showed that girdling at both early berry growth (before verasion) and at verasion significantly affected, anthocyanins, total phenolics, glycosides, berry weight and total soluble solids (Sugar). Changes in total soluble solids closely accompanied changes in colour or anthocyanins level of the skin. Little if any anthocyanin accumulated in the early girdled bunches but in bunches girdled at verasion colour accumulation started and then soon stopped. This experiment showed that phloem sap has greatest contribution in supplying metabolites for biosynthesis of all classes of secondary metabolites in the ripening berries.

Effects of overtaking disturbances on the motion of cylindrical hydromagnetic shock waves in a rotating gas
S. Kumar and C.V Singh,
Abstract: Effects of overtaking disturbances behind the flow, on the motion of cylindrical hydromagnetic shock waves in an ideal gas in presence of an axial magnetic field (H₂₀ constant), have been included to improve the accuracy of CCW approach. Assuming an initial density distribution r₀ = r¹r^W, where, r¹ is the density at the axis of symmetry and w is a constant, the analytical expressions for flow variables have been deduced. Their numerical estimates, only at permissible shock front locations, have been computed and compared with results describing so called Free Propagation.

Key words : Hydromagnetic shock waves, Effects of Overtaking Disturbances; r₀ = r¹r^W, (Hz₀) Constant axial Magnetic field.

Liquid Flowing down an open inclined Porous Channel
K.C. Sarangi and C.B. Jose
Abstract: The problem of steady laminar viscous incompressible fluid down an open porous channel under gravity has been studied. The expression of flux across the cross-section is derived and discussed. It is observed that for a given area of cross-section, the flux is maximum when the depth and width are in the ratio 1 : 2.

Capacitor based on the conducting polyaniline films
H. Aghlara
Abstract: In the present work, design and the possibility of construction of capacitor based on the conducting polyaniline films have been investigated experimentally. For this purpose, polyaniline (PANI) was prepared in powder form by the chemical method of oxidative polymerization, from which thin films were obtained by solvent evaporation using N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). The purified form of polyaniline was swollen with THF before dispersing in N-methyl pyrrolidinone for film making. The polyaniline films were doped with hydrochloric acid (1.2 N HCl). A number of rectangulaire films having thicknesses of 30 µm and area of 3cm² were prepared. By sandwiching dielectric materials, such as paraffined paper with these layers a number of capacitors were prepared and their different parameters, and stability under both atmospheric and vacuum conditions were investigated. Experimental results show that, by increasing the temperature, capacitance is increased and Q-factor is decreased. Theoretical studies based on permeation rates of dopant in layers and parallel plate capacitor concepts were explored.

Keywords: Conducting Polymers, polyaniline, capacitor.

A Related fixed point theorem for set valued mappings on three metric spaces
R. K. Namdeo and V. K. Chourasia
Abstract: In this paper, a related fixed points theorem for set valued mappings on three complete and compact metric spaces are obtained.

Cathodic electrodeposition and photoactivity CuSe thin film
ANUAR KASSIM*, ZULKARNAIN ZAINAL, MOHD. ZOBIR HUSSEIN, N. SARAVANAN and HAFIZAH WASIKON
Abstract: An electrodeposition method was used to prepare copper selenide thin film deposited on titanium substrate. Cyclic voltammetry was performed to elucidate the electrodic processes that occur while potentials for electrodeposition were applied to determine the optimum potential for electrodeposition. The effect of deposition potential and electrolyte concentration were analysed to determine the optimum condition for the electrodeposition process. The thin films were characterised by X-ray diffractometry. The photoactivity of the deposited films and their conduction types were evaluated using photoelectrochemical technique. The bandgap energy and type of optical transitions were determined from optical absorbance data.

Pressure effect in cosmic ray count rates of Neutron monitors
G.N. Singh and Pankaj K. Shrivastava*
Abstract: Cosmic rays in the form of neutron component are being continuously detected on earth surface. In this purpose, a detecting system as named as neutron monitor is being used by cosmic ray research workers since last three decades. Cosmic ray counts are mainly effected by atmospheric pressure. These count rates are also influenced by atmospheric pressure. In this work, we have studied the relation between pressure corrected cosmic ray count rates and pressure uncorrected count rates for the year 1991. Analysis indicates anti-correlation between pressure corrected and uncorrected count rates.

A Reliability Model for Modular Design Based Software Systems
Raghuraj Singh and Yogesh Singh*
Abstract: Modular Design is an universal approach of solving complex problems. A software designed with this approach will naturally be described as consisting of a number of paths with the control of the system transferred among the modules according to a markov process. Each module has a reliability, which gives the probability that the module will operate without failure and will transfer control successfully when finished. The system will eventually either fail or enter a terminal state. In this paper we have proposed an improved model of predicting reliability of modular design based software systems. A special switched chaining system has been discussed in detail.

Topological Foundations of Self-Conscious Perception Functions in the Mathematical Space of the Brain
M. Bounias(#) and A. Bonaly*
Abstract: Topological closure allows mathematical spaces to get the physical characteristic of observability. A path (L) connecting a point interior of a set A said "the perceived object" to the interior of another closed B said "the perceiver" provides B with Jordan's points L(A) noted () and B with Jordan's points L(). Let f ⁿ[L()] a sequence of contraction mappings in B: then, there exists a fixed point * , of the Banach type, such that for some k, f ^k[L()] = * . Since B is closed, there also exists a second kind fixed point of the Brouwer type (b_o) in the closure of the domain of f ⁿ. Sequences f ⁿ are generally nonlinear and the space of brain mathematics could be a mixed space composed with fractal and nonfractal components. The demonstration that a fractal space F is separated and compactifiable allows a generalization of Banach spaces to nonmetric setting, by using the nonmetric set-distance instead of the classical metric distances. Fulfilment of the conservation of topologies, finally lets appear the mappings P: L() {F, * , b_o } as accounting for mental imaging, upon connection of neuronal chainings as the materialization of sequences f ⁿ[L()] to the observer's self-consciousness as represented by the set of points { b_o } . The subset of points (* ) provides the basis for learning functions, while the reciprocal mappings f ^_n( *) reconstruct, in a eventually F-aided way, the neuronal chaining associated with a given perception. These results provide mathematical justification to the properties of non-localization and nowhere-storage of memory.

Keywords: Learning; memory; mental imagery; neural processing of perception; topological foundations.

AMS Subject classification code: 54 H 25.

Synthesis and characterisation of praseodymium (III) and neodymium (III) chelates with 2-Substituted benzimidazole derivatives
GITA SETH and YAJULA GARG
Abstract: Praseodymium (III) and Neodymium (III) nitrate react with 2-substituted benzimidazole (L) viz: 1,2-bis(2- benzimidazolyl) ethanol (BBIE) and 1,2-bis(2-benzimidazolyl) ethane thiol (BBIET) to give the complexes of formula [ML₂NO₃ ] 2NO₃.2H₂O. These complexes have been characterised on the basis of elemental analysis, conductance measurement, IR and NMR spectral studies. The ligands and metal complexes were found to be antifungal when tested against Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus niger.

Temperature dependence of excess molar polarization in the binary mixture of polar-nonpolar liquids
C. Dwivedy and S.K. Ray*
Abstract: Excess molar polarization in the binary mixture of polar solutes (aniline, pyridine, dimethyl aniline) in non-polar solvents (Benzene, tetrachloromethane) is evaluated at different temperature, i.e. 303.16°K, 305.16°K, 313.16°K and 318.16°K. The nature of variation of the excess molar polarization with the temperature has been studied.

Keywords : Binary mixtures, Excess molar polarization, polar and nonpolar liquids.

Heat and Momentum Transfer in free Convection Flow due to Hot Vertical Accelerated Plate in presence of Transverse Magnetic Field
Govind Pathak and S. S. Tak *
Abstract: Heat and momentum transfer in unsteady free convection flow along an infinite hot vertical accelerated plate, moving with velocity proportional to some power of time, in infinite mass of fluid at rest in presence of uniform transverse magnetic field fixed to the fluid, has been investigated, taking different cases of uniform and non-uniform acceleration of the plate. Similar solution of energy boundary layer equation, for a particular form of suction velocity v_W(t), is obtained. For solution of momentum boundary layer equation, a series expansion of velocity function in powers of product of magnetic field parameter and time (mt) is assumed. The analytical solutions of resulting ordinary differential equations have been obtained in terms of complementary error functions and repeated integrals of complementary error function.

Keywords: Free Convection, Boundary Layer Flow, Magnetic Field Skin Friction Coefficient and Nusselt Number.

Fuzzy Analysis to study the Pollution and the Disease caused by Hazardous Waste from Textile Industries
W. B. Vasantha and Mary john*
Abstract: In this paper, we study the diseases caused by hazardous waste from the textile industries. In this study, we are not going to take the textile industry worker himself into account and the diseases suffered by him, for they have been analyzed by us in the earlier paper on Occupational Hazards of Workers in Textile industries. Thus we restrict ourselves to analyze the major diseases suffered by people staying around a textile industry. Since, the very concept of the diseases to which a person staying in the neighbourhood of a textile industry is a vague concept and further one may suffer from one or more diseases in different degrees, we are justified in using Fuzzy Analysis in general and Fuzzy Associative Memories (FAM) in particular to study this problem.

This paper consists of 4 sections, the first one gives a brief account about the hazardous waste of a textile industry. In section 2 we analyze the diseases caused by the hazardous waste which pollute the atmosphere using FAM. In section 3, we study the problem of the hazardous waste which pollute the soil and water using FAM. In section 4, we give the conclusions of our study.

Keywords : Fuzzy Associative Memories, Fit Vector, Fuzzy vector Matrix.

Cumulative-Sum Control Chart for Proportion under Inspection error
J. R. SINGH, MUJAHIDA SAYYED and DEEPAK SONI
Abstract: In this paper we consider Cumulative-Sum Control Chart (CSCC) under inspection error. This paper describes CSCC with special emphasis on the practical problems of inspection error. The angles of the mask and lead distance of CSCC for proportion have been tabulated under inspection error.

Keywords : Attributes Control Charts, Inspection Error, Cumulative-Sum Control Chart, Sequential Probability Ratio Test.

Keywords: Free Convection, Boundary Layer Flow, Magnetic Field Skin Friction Coefficient and Nusselt Number.

Keywords : Fuzzy Associative Memories, Fit Vector, Fuzzy vector Matrix.

Keywords : Attributes Control Charts, Inspection Error, Cumulative-Sum Control Chart, Sequential Probability Ratio Test.

Corrosion study of tin-lead alloy and brass by souring substances
J. J. VORA, P. K. PATEL and V. H. SHAH
Abstract: Souring substances are used as food additives in India. Souring substances contain organic acids as their components. Organic acids are corrosive to tinned brass vessels. Corrosion of tin-lead (50/50) alloy and brass (63/37) was studied in coupled and uncoupled systems at 30°C for 7 days duration. Different souring substances viz. lemon, hogplum, tamarind, kokum, tomato, mango, and curd were studied with and without sodium chloride. Films were formed over tin-lead specimens. In coupled system, tin-lead specimens underwent mostly pitting type corrosion.

Analysis of Four - input Exclusive - OR gate
A. P. Kajwadkar
Abstract: Here a Four - Input Exclusive - OR gate has been discussed. An equation for the output from this gate has been derived using Demorgan's Theorem. Also the application of the gate is given.

On Fixed Point of Fuzzy Mappings
Ashok Ganguly and Saumitra Ganguly*
Abstract: In this paper concept of fuzzy mappings has been used in proving fixed point theorems. A result of Khan, Kubiaczyk and Sessa has been extended to fuzzy sets.

Hydroxyl free radical as a radical alternative to superoxide anion, radical as a causative entity for "arthritis, heart attacks and strokes"
Dunstan A. A. Akintonwa
Abstract:Superoxide anion radical () has been postulated as the entity responsible for the generation of arthritis, heart attack and stroke¹.

On Semi-idempotent Matrices
W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Abstract:In this paper we attempt to define a new notion in matrices called semi-idempotents. Here we study these matrices and obtain some results about them.