Extraction of Iron from Crude Palm Oil By Chelating Ion Exchanger
Haron, M. J., Wan Yunus, W. M. Z. and Wong, D. C. K.
Abstract: This paper reports the use of poly(hydroxamic acid) chelating ion exchange resin to extract iron from crude palm oil (CPO). The concentrations of iron in CPO samples were found in the range of 3.57 to 10.67 µg/g. The percentage of iron extraction from CPO by PHA resin was highest when carried out without solvent compared to with solvent. In the present of solvent, the percentage of extraction was highest in cyclohexane followed by hexane and propanol. The sorption kinetic study shows that the extraction process in various solvents is rapid in the initial stages and gradually decreases when approaching equilibrium which occurred after 8 hours. In the column experiment, the break through volumes were dependent on the iron concentration in the samples. The iron extracted in the resin column can be completely eluted with 0.1M oxalic acid in 1M HCl. 

Keywords: Poly(hydroxamic acid) resin, iron extraction, crude palm oil. 

Copper, Mercury and Lead Concentrations in the tissues of fishes from the Arabian Gulf
Ibrahim. N. AL-Suwiti
Abstract: Samples of liver, gill and muscle tissues from Lentrinus lenthan, Epinephelus microdon and Syganus rivulatus collected from Arabian Gulf in the eastern portion of the Saudi Arabia, were analyzed for traces metals (Cu, Hg, and Pb). The highest concentrations of these metals were found in the liver of all the fishes. In all of the tissues analyzed Cu was present in the highest concentration. Copper, Mercuryand lead concentrations were observed between the three species and also between different tissues within the same species. 

The overall results indicated that Cu, Hg and Pb concentrations were generally within normal ranges for the three species found in this area, indicating no evidence of significant contamination.

Keywords: Arab Gulf, Copper, Mercury, Lead, Tissue 
 

The process of electroplating in presence of Nickel salts
misbahul mohd. amin, lip kuan kee and Kamaruzzaman Yunus
Abstract: Electroplating process has been carried out by utilizing the Watt’s Bath without brighteners. Plots of weight change of electrodes versus current density shows that weight loss of anodes and weight of deposits on cathodes are proportional to current density and plating time. While plots of weight change of electrodes versus temperature shows no significant influence of temperature to weight change of electrodes. All plots are compared with theoretical values and shows excellent agreement with Faraday’s Laws. Products that are produced by utilizing cast nickel anodes show very good corrosion properties in normal condition, and good appearance without using brighteners. 

Key words : Electroplating, Lead anode, Iron electrode, Sulphate salt, Chloride salt. 

Steady heat transfer through a viscous incompressible fluid due to a rotating disc
P. R. Sharma and Navin Kumar
Abstract: Steady heat transfer through a viscous incompressible fluid due to a rotating disc is investigated. Energy equation is solved by a series expansion method near n = 0, and asymptotic expansion for large values of n. Temperature distribution is shown through Fig. l. Rate of heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number at the disc is derived and values are presented through table l. 

Thermochemical studies of some newly synthesised chelate polymers of Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) & Zn(II)
D. G. Garway, H. D. Juneja* and K. N. Munshi
Abstract: Synthesis of some chelate polymers of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with fumaryl bis-dithiooxamide (FDO), adipyl bis-dithiooxamide (ADDO) and pimelayl bis-dithiooxamide (PDO) has been carried out. The structure of the polymeric unit has been assigned on the basis of spectral and magnetic studies. Detailed thermochemical studies have been done and thermal decomposition curves are discussed. Freeman-Carroll and Sharp-Wentworth methods have been used to calculate activation energy and thermal stability. Thermal activation energy (Ea) calculated with the help of two methods are in agreement with each other. Thermodynamic parameters such as fee energy change (F), entropy change (S), apparent entropy change (S*) and frequency factor (Z) are also evaluated on the basis of TG curves by using the Freeman-Carroll method.

Keywords: Chelate Polymers, Thermo-Chemical Studies.
 

Synthesis, spectral, Magnetic and Thermal properties of lanthanide (III) chelates of heterocyclic isatin derivatives
* Kavita Gour and B.V. Agarwala 
Abstract: Isatin (2,3-indolinedione) reacts with semicarbazide and isonicotinic hydrazide in a non-aqueous medium forming 2,3-indolinedione semicarbazone and 2,3-indolinedioneisonicotinoyl hydrazone. Both ligands are uninegative and tridentate ONO donors. Their lanthanide(III) chelates have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, thermal, infrared and electronic spectral studies. The nephelauxetic ratio (ß), bonding parameter (b^1/2) covalency angular parameter (n) and Sinha covalency parameters (d) have been calculated. 

Key words : Electroplating, Lead anode, Iron electrode, Sulphate salt, Chloride salt. 

Polarised L and C Bands TOPSAR for wave refraction pattern detection
Maged Marghany, Lokman Hussien and Kamaruzman Yunus
Abstract: This paper presents work done utilizing TOPSAR polarised data to investigate wave refraction pattern along the coastal water of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. For this purpose, 2-DFFT was applied with a selective window size of 100 x 100 pixels and lines to represent wave spectra refraction pattern. The quasi-linear model was used to map TOPSAR wave refraction spectra into the real ocean wave spectra. Wave spectra information such as wavelength and wave directions are used to predict refraction based on Huygen’s principal. The wave spectra refraction pattern from TOPSAR polarised is compared with the results from wave refraction model and quasi-linear model. The statistical analysis of the quasi-linear model and wave refraction spectra model shows a good correlation.

It can be concluded that TOPSAR polarised data has potentials for monitoring wave spectra refraction pattern. The integration of quasi-linear model is more useful to identify the wave spectra refraction pattern.

Dyeing behavior of some novel acid dyes on silk, wool and nylon fabrics
U. N. Rana, K. C. Patel and S. K. Patel*
Abstract: Various acid dyes have been prepared by coupling diazotised
2-methyl-3-(2'-chlorophenyl)-6-amino-4-oxoquinazoline with various coupling acid components and their dyeing performance on silk, wool, and nylon fibres has been assessed. All the dyes gave wide range of brown shades with very good depth and levelness on each fibre. The purity of all dyes has been checked by TLC. The IR Spectra showed all characteristics bands and a representative dye PMR spectra showed all the characteristic signals. The percentage dye-bath exhaution and fixation on different fibres was reasonably moderate to very good.

Keywords: heterocyclic acid dyes, dyeing properties, IR Spectra and NMR Spectra.
 

Review of Fluorspar Deposits of India with Special Reference to Chandidongri Fluorspar Deposit, District Rajnandgaon, Madhya Pradesh
S. AHMAD and M. WAKEEL
Abstract: The Fluorspar is an industrial mineral with economic importance. Only two-third of our requirements of fluorspar are met through indigenous production and the rest is imported. There is, therefore, an imperative need for a detailed exploration programme to augment the production of Fluorspar.

The Chandidongri fluorspar deposit is characteristically low temperature epithermal filling-type. The deposit is structurally controlled and is generally related to granites. This is broadly comparable with most of the Indian deposits except those of Karara (Rajasthan) and Ambadongar (Gujarat).

An Empirical Study for Assessing Quality of OO Code
PRADEEP BHATIA†, YOGESH SINGH†† and H.L. VERMA†
Abstract: The research is intended to find a way to produce cheaper and higher quality software. The set of object-oriented metrics in the study was applied to hypothetical object-oriented programs for their code analysis to predict their overall quality. The set of object-oriented metrics in the study was applied, taking into account the recognized object-oriented features which they were intended to measure: encapsulation, coupling, inheritance, and polymorphism. This evaluation is used to classify the quality level of object-oriented software systems. Empirical data, collected from different application columns was then analyzed using the object-oriented metrics, to support theoretical validation. However, adoption object of object-oriented metrics in numerous application domains should only take place if the metrics can be shown to be theoretically valid in the sense that they were designed to measure2-4, and have also been validated empirically. Without such a basis, we will not be able to draw meaningful conclusions from analysis of metrics data. In this paper, we consider a set of metrics for point, and then consider their empirical evaluation. Results show that the metrics could be used to provide an overall assessment of a software system, which may be helpful to managers of software development projects.

Key Terms: Attribute, Class, Cohesion, Coupling, Inheritance, Instantiation, Message, Method, Object, Operation, Encapsulation, Polymorphism.

Mining Multiple Level Generalized Association Rules in Large Databases
Mahesh Motwani and Anil Rajput
Abstract: Mining of association rules from very large databases is one of the most important problems in data mining. Association rule mining has been a focused topic in recent data mining research1,2,3,5. Given a large database of transactions, where each transaction consists of a set of items, and a taxonomy on the items, we find generalized association rules between items at any level of the taxonomy. For example, given a taxonomy that says that sanchi is a brand of liquid milk and liquid milk is a type of milk, we may infer a rule that “people who buy liquid milk tend to buy wheat bread.” This rule may hold even if rules that “people who buy sanchi milk tend to buy wheat bread” and “people who buy milk tend to buy wheat bread” do not hold. A Basic algorithm for mining generalized association rules has been discussed in this paper. We then propose a new algorithm, which is faster than Basic algorithm.
 

Studies on selectivity of polymeric resins
S. Harsh
Abstract: Guar gum a non-ionic polysaccharide has been proved as a good as backbone for different type of chelating resin. As Guar gum is hydrophilic in character, natural occurring, it also forms viscous colloidal dispersion
when hydrated in cold water. Due to its hydrophilic character its derivative proves to be more useful.