|
A
Multivariate Assessment of metal distribution in the sediments of the Hugly
estuary, East Coast of India
B. Bhattacharya, Kasturi Mitra and Nilanjana Mukherjee
Abstract : The present study was designed to assess the nature and
concentration of heavy metal pollution from river run-off, agricultural and
industrial wastes, sewage outfall and anthropogenic inputs; its accumulation
in the sediments of Sagar Island, the Hugly-Matla estuarine complex. Samples
were collected month wise for a period of two years. Sediment samples were
analyzed by ICP-MS. High concentrations of metals (Fe, Cr, Zn and As) were
detected in the sediments. This may be due to the indiscriminate discharge
of industrial and agricultural wastes. Such accumulation of toxic heavy
metals in the sediment may result in entry of heavy metals in our food chain
through the aquatic flora and fauna11-17.
Key Words : Assessment, Heavy Metals, Sediment and Estuary.
============================================================================================================
Freely propagation of cylindrical shock in uniform
atmosphere
R. P. Yadav* and Yogember Singh**
Abstract : Freely propagation of cylindrical converging shock wave
has been carried out by C.C.W. method, for two cases viz (1) when shock
waves isothermally and (2) when they move adiabatically. Assuming the medium
to be uniform, the expressions for flow variables are derived for both the
cases. All the flow variables are numerically computed and discussed through
figures. It is found that flow variables increase gradualy for both
isothermal and adiabatic process, while they increase rapidlly for large
values of r, is a case of adiabatic process.
============================================================================================================
Impact assessment of Guinea worm eradication
programme in Akoko area Ondo state, Nigeria
S. O. Adewole and A. A. Hassan
Abstract : The current status of impact of control programme on the
prevalence of Guinea worm disease was assessed in Akoko, a large community
in South - Western Nigeria. Before the initiation of organized control
Programmes in Akoko area of Ondo State, Nigeria, the prevalence rate of
guinea worm disease was observed to be 78.0%. This work evaluated the
influence of improved water supplies, improved methods of collecting water
and various health education measures on Guinea worm Status in this area.
Reported cases of Guinea worm had reduced by about 55.3% in 2001, between
the time of herald of Global 2000 / Carter foundation/government
intervention, 94.9% in2002 and 0.0% in 2003.
Both male and female showed no significant difference (P<0.05) in
susceptibility to infection. With respect to age, adult, male showed higher
infection. School survey conducted during this period revealed that
25.1%; 4.2%; and 1.3% were absent due to Guinea worm infection. A
correlation between reduction in Guinea worm cases and significant increase
in crop yield and self help development projects was observed. The impact of
control intervention on Guinea wormdisease was high, a 100% reduction in
cases was observed within three years.
Key words: Dracunculiasis; Guinea worm, prevalence. Hand purnp/bore
holes, Akoko.
============================================================================================================
Performance evaluation of artificial aeration units
on the water quality of upper lake
Anshu Bahl1, Smita Joshi*2 and Avinash Bajpai3
Abstract : The present study is undertaken to evaluate the impact of
aeration units on the Physico-chemical characteristic of Upper Lake situated
in Bhopal. The lake receives a large amount of sewage from its densely
populated habitation. The continuous input of biologically active nutrients
(Phosphates & Nitrates) through inflow of sewage has changed the water body
into eutrophic lake resulting frequent oxygen depletion. The installations
of aeration units have been found to have significant impact in increasing
the oxygen concentrations, changing the species diversity besides reducing
the pathogenic microbial population1-3.
============================================================================================================
Comparative Adsorption Study of DCIC and F-200 GAC
Samples For Phenolic Waste
N. B. Selukar*, G. M. Hend*, A. L. RATHOD*, S. M. Wagh**
and N. D. Bansod***
Abstract : Trace organic compounds like phenolic compounds are
frequently found in surface and waste water. Phenol have been classifieds as
priority pollutants because of their multiple toxic health effects at very
low concentration.
Activated carbon adsorption is one of the well established method for
removal of trace organic compounds. This method is widely used due to its
simplicity, effectiveness, low space requirement and nuisance free
operation. Activated carbon can be produced from variety of materials such
as wood, coal, peat, lignin, coconut shell etc.
This research paper is related with the comparison of two types of GAC
manufacturer from different type of material for phenolic waste treatment.
Key words : Adsorbent, GAC, Phenol, Adsorption.
============================================================================================================
Enteromorpha intestinalis - An indicator of heavy
metal pollution in coastal environment
1ABHIJIT MITRA, 1ANUMITA DAS, 1RAJIB CHAKRABORTY,
2KAKOLI
BANERJEE, 3SUBHAS BANERJEE, 4D.P. BHATTACHARYA
Abstract : Sagar Island is the largest island in the Indian
Sundarbans sustaining a wide variety of mangrove flora and mangrove
associate species. Three important species of macroalgae namely Enteromorpha
intestinalis, Ulva luctuca and Catenella repens are widely distributed in
the intertidal zone of the island. They are exposed to tidal waters and
often get contaminated with wastes of anthropogenic and industrial origin.
Seasonal concentrations of Zn, Cu artd Pb were determined in these estuarine
macroalgae inhabiting three different stations of the island. Metals in the
algal tissue accumulated in the order Zn> Cu > Pb. Highest concentrations of
these heavy metals were found in the surface water in the month of monsoon,
the period characterized by lowest salinity and pH of the ambient aquatic
phase. A unique compartmentation was observed between sediment and surface
water with respect to selected heavy metals. Among the three macroalgal
species, Enteromorpha intestinalis seems to reflect the water quality in
terms of dissolved Zn and Cu.
Key words : Indian Sundarbans, macroalgae, heavy metals, aquatic
salinity.
============================================================================================================
Synthesis, Characterization and Glass reinforced
Laminates of Acrylic modified Unsaturated Polyester Resin for electrical
application
B.Z. Dholakiya*a and K.D. Patelb
Abstract : Composite based on thermoset resin like unsaturated
polyesters are used to a wide extent in the electro technical and electronic
components. Unsaturated polyester resin was prepared using Isophthalic acid
(IPA), Maleic anhydride (MA), propylene glycol (PG) and modified using
methyl methacrylate (MMA) as acrylic monomer. The resin was prepared and
characterized by IR, GPC and effect on electrical and mechanical properties
of composite laminates made of glass fiber, acrylic modified unsaturated
polyester resin (AMUPR) and additives as calcined clay and calcium carbonate
in an amount of up to 40 weight percentage was determined. The electrical
resistance behavior of the additives filled laminates was better than that
of unfilled laminates.
Key words : Calcined Clay, Isophthalic acid, Electric Resistance,
Polyester resin.
============================================================================================================
Decoding and encoding in (+1, –1) system
M. Tiwari, R.K. Dubey and R.A. Singh
Abstract : Decoders and encoders are being studied in (+1, -1)
system. These decoders and encoders are suitable in digital signal
processing where quantized analog signals are digitized before transmission
and the digital signals are converted into discrete analog before reception.
They are suitable for the fractional signed magnitude decimal numbers. The
positive and negative numbers are decoded and encoded in unified way. The
advantages or these decoders and encoders over two's complement decoders and
encoders have been discussed.
Key words: Decoder, encoder, (+1, -1) number system.
============================================================================================================
Thermal Relaxation and Structural investigation of
Crystalline Polypropylene Films
A.A. Al-Ghamdi*, S. Al-Heniti and G.G. Barakati
Abstract : The X ray diffraction lattice constant interplanner
spacing, type of lattice and the crystallite thickness were measured for the
annealing highly crystalline polypropylene thin films. All measured
crystallographic parameters were found periodically dependent on the
annealing time following a damped sin function. A mechanism to describe the
observed variation has been proposed, a model for the macrostructure is
introduced which explain the observed data.
Keywords : Polypropylene, Annealing technique and XRD Analysis.
============================================================================================================
Seasonal Abundance of Reef Fishes in Relation to
Live Coral Coverage in Karah Island, Terengganu, Malaysia
SAKRI IBRAHIM1, WAN MOHD. RAUHAN WAN HUSSIN1, ZALEHA
KASSIM1,
ZULIATINI MOHAMMAD JONI1, MOHAMAD ZAIDI ZAKARIA1 and SUKREE HAJISAMAE2
Abstract : Coral reef fish communities of Karah Island were studied
to determine their relationship with monsoon season and coral coverage.
Surveys were conducted 4 times; two times during pre-monsoon phase
(September-October) and two times during postmonsoon phase (April-May).
Visual census technique with SCUBA aid was employed to identify the reef
fishes. Line Intercept Transect method was used for the observation of coral
communities. Two transect lines were laid parallel to the shoreline at 10 m
and 15 m depth to identify reef fish abundance and coral coverage. A total
of 47 species belonging to 21 families of reef fishes were identified.
Number of individuals in the postmonsoon season was found to be higher
(64.15%) than the pre-monsoon season (35.85%). Pomacentridae was the most
abundant in terms of numbers for both the premonsoon (57.31 %) and
post-monsoon seasons (93.20%). Caesionidae was the second most abundant
family in post-monsoon phase (28.21 %) while Labridae in pre-monsoon phase
(2.46%). The 10 m depth transect (Transect 1) was covered with 59.24% of
live corals while the 15 m depth transect (Transect 2) was covered with only
30.26% of live corals. The results showed that fishes were more attracted to
the area with higher percentage of live coral cover. The abundance of fish
in Transect 1 was 6934 (72.34%) while only 2651 individuals (27.66%) were
observed in Transect 2. Overall, there were more live corals in Transect 1
with 59.24% as compared to transect 2 with only 30.26%. This results of the
study shows that fish abundance was relatively higher in live coral areas
than the area covered with other substrates like sand, rocks or rubbles.
Key words: Coral reef areas, fish families, monsoon seasons.
============================================================================================================
Image filtering of Airborne Thematic Mapper for
landslide delineation
Ramli, M.F.1 and Petley, D.N.2
Abstract : This paper describes the application of high resolution
Airborne Thematic Mapper for landslide studies. The advantage of these data
apart from its capability of recording wide range of wavelength in
electromagnetic spectrum is that it is in digital format, thus it can be
processed using digital image enhancements, in which data manipulation can
be performed. In this study, digital image processing of filtering is
utilised where common methods of filtering were tested. The filtered image
is then compared to the morphological map of the study area. The results
shows that the common methods that were used were not useful in showing
detailed landslides features. However, the use of local enhanced filter that
is normally used in geophysical studies are found to be useful and can show
much better landslide features.
============================================================================================================
In Vitro Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Inhibition Activity Determination in Fermented Goat Milks
J. TOMOVSKA** M. BOGDANOVA, and B. BOGDANOV*
Abstract : Seven fermented goat milks containing angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides were produced by using selected
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. lactis subsp. cremoris, L.
lactis subsp. Lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium and
Streptococcous thermophilus. A rapid In vitro test for ACE inhibition
activity determination in whey by competitive inhibition of angiotensin-converting
enzyme was used. First, a solution of whey was mixed in a l to 10 ratio with
a serum containing high ACE activity. Enzymatic activity (inhibition) was
determined by spectrophotometric kinetic method using 0.8 mmol/L FAPGG
(N-[3-(Furyl)-Acryloyl]-L-Phenylalanyl-Glycyl Glycyne) as the substrate. The
inhibition activity was determined from a standard curve of inhibitor
concentration versus percent of ACE inhibition. The most inhibition activity
was detected for the milk fermented by a mixture of Lactobacillus
delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcous thermophilus.
Key words: ACE, Competitive Inhibition, Fermented milk, Goat milk,
Whey.
============================================================================================================
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological
Activities of Combustion Derived metal oxides
Arunkumar Lagashettya*, Nagaraj. S. Patila and
Sangashetty Kalyanib
Abstract : New combustion synthetic route for the synthesis of
nanosized metal oxides through precursor is reported. The synthesized metal
oxides are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron
micrograph (SEM), and infrared spectroscopic (IR) techniques and thermal
methods. X-ray density, Tap density and powder densities of these oxides are
calculated. Crystallite sizes of the sample are also calculated. Biological
activities like antibacterial and antifungal activities are carried out for
prepared samples. Antiulcer activity of g-Fe2O3 was carried out against
wister rats. Prepared metal oxides shows very low activity against bacteria
and very low activity towards fungi. Antacid property is observed from
antiulcer activity.
Key words: g-Fe2O3, precursor, Antifugal, Antibacterial, Antiulcer
============================================================================================================
Coordination polymers of N,N'-di-(8-hydroxyquinolinol
Yl-5-methyl)-N,N' dimethyl-1,2-ethane diamine (QMED)
S.P. PATEL1*, C.P. BHASIN1, A.D. PATEL1 and D.S. RAJ2
Abstract : Coordination polymers containing a novel bis(oxine)
bidentate ligand, namely N,N'-di(8-hydroxyquinolinolyl-5-methyl)-N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine
(QMED) have been prepared with the metal ions Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II),
and Mn(II). The novel bis-(bidentate) ligand was synthesized by condensation
of 5-chloromethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline hydrochloride with N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine
in the presence of a base catalyses. All of these coordination polymers and
the parent ligand were characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectral
and diffuse reflectance spectral studies. The thermal stability and number-
average molecular weights (Mn) of all of the coordination polymers were
determined by Thermogravimetric analyses and non-aqueous conductometric
titrations, respectively. In addition, all of the coordination polymers have
been characterized by their magnetic susceptibilities.
Key words: coordination polymers, bis(oxine) bidentate ligand, N,N'-di(8-hydroxyquinolinoyl-5-methyl)-N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine
(QMED), infrared spectra, diffuse reflectance spectra, thermogravimetry,
magnetic susceptibility, conductometric titration.
============================================================================================================
Climatological study of dry zone
M. Immaculate Mary1, K. Senthamarai Kannan2 and C.
Suyambulingom3
Abstract : Rainfall is scar commodity. Especially in the dry zones
rainfall is erratic and highly unpredictable in nature. A true forecast on
the amount of rainfall may bring cheers to the farmers. Here an attempt is
made to forecast the average rainfall to the maximum possible extent. This
work demonstrates the possibility of using Weibull and Gamma distributions
to forecast rainfall with greater accuracy. The results show that the
Weibull and Gamma distributions provide good fits.
Key words : Rainfall, Forecasting, Weibull distribution, Gamma
distribution, Chisquare.
============================================================================================================
Adsorption of Ni (II) onto activated carbon from
ecofreindly low cost adsorbents
RaJalakshmi R., Subhashini s. and Lalitha P.
Abstract : Nickel, a toxic heavy metal is used in the electroplating
and metal finishing operations. The resultant waste water contains large
amounts of nickel and its disposal results in extensive contamination of
soil and water. Contamination of nickel in the environment is of major
concern because of its toxicity and threat to human life and environment. To
minimize the pollution hazards, the effluent is treated chemically or
biologically. Several methods like precipitation, evaporation ion-exchange,
electro dialysis, solvent extraction, cementation, micro-filtration,
membrane filtration etc are available for the removal of heavy metals
nickel, selenium and mercury from waste water. High costs, process
complexity at low removal efficiency of membrane process has limited their
use in heavy metal removal. Recent studies reflect and effective adsorption
of heavy metals from waste water using agricultural products. The present
study is aimed at finding out the efficiency of adsorbents obtained from
agro wastes such as rice husk carbon rice straw carbon, banana pith carbon,
refuse derived fuel (petroleum coke)and biomass (dead azolla species) on the
removal/ recovery of nickel from aqueous solution.
The maximum removal of nickel II from aqueous solution onto the prepared
biosorbents has been found out by studying the adsorption characteristics
such as optimum dosage of adsorbent and time. The kinetics of the adsorption
process has been studied by application of Lagergren's first order equation.
The optimum dosage was found to be 1.2-1.4g for all the adsorbents used in
the study. Optimum time required for maximum removal / recovery of nickel II
was found to be 150 minutes for all the adsorbents. The adsorption potential
shows a variation in the range of 74% to 87% . With variation in contact
time from 30 to 150 minutes in intervals of 30 minute, the percentage of
adsorption of Ni II was found to considerably increase from 62.47-90.93.%
with 1.4g of adsorbent at a pH» 7.0 and at a room temperature. The Lagergren
equation fitted well for the process showing the first order nature of the
process.
============================================================================================================
A kinetic study of micellar catalysed oxidation of
D-Galactose by sodium N-chloro p-toluene sulphonamide
Ramkrishna Shrivastava and S.K. Solanki*
Abstract : The kinetics of the micellar catalysed oxidation of some
hexose sugars i.e. D-galactose by sodium N-chloro p-toluene sulphonamide in
the presence of cationic surfactant, Cetyl tri methyl ammonium bromide has
been investigated in acidic medium. The rate of the reaction is first order
with respect to oxidant and fractional order with respect to substrate
concentration. Addition of reaction product and other different variations
have also been studied. The positive co-operativity indices for substrate
and thermodynamic parameters have been calculated. A probable reaction
mechanism has been proposed.
Key words : Micellar system, surfactant, co-operativity index.
============================================================================================================
Methods for forecasting rainfall
D. Venkatesan* and K. Sita Devi**
Abstract : Methods for agrometeorological forecast are mainly based
on crop-weather relationship and statistical models. Models, developed from
historical data make it possible to obtain the expected values fairly in
advance so that appropriate action may be taken to avail of beneficial
aspect of weather and minimise or avoid detriment effect. Validity of these
models under different conditions is imperative as the climatic conditions
of general field may be quite different from those of experimental one.
Using the rainfall data for the years (1976-97) pertaining to Chidambaram
taluk of Cuddalore district, this paper discusses the prediction of rainfall
through fitting of Gamma distribution and Exponential smoothing time series
model.
Key words : Rainfall Analysis, Exponential Smoothing, Gamma
Distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirvou (K-S) test.
============================================================================================================
Cultivation potential of the marine sponge
Aaptos sp. and Theonella sp. in open-sea systems
Shamsuddin A. A1, Zaidad-Maraicar A. S.1, Lukman Hakim
M. D.1, Abol-Munafi A. B2, Kamaruzzaman B. Y1. and Effendy A. W3 and
Noraznawati I3
Abstract : A cultivation of sponge Aaptos sp. in an open-sea systems
has been developed. Using the short-term experiments, we examined the
growth, explants recovery, mass production and survival rates. Sponge
cuttings were cultured for 3 months at depths of 10 m at a special stainless
steel cage (100) m from Pulau Bidong shoreline. Two types of cuttings were
done; cubic (all outer layer removed except one side of the explants) and
minimized injuries (the cutting injuries from parent sponges strongly
minimized) with 5 parent sponges at each sites as control. The explants were
then divided into 2 groups; the explants cultured in a plastic basket and
hanged using nylon thread, having 20 replicates for each species. Theonella
sp. explants show a slow healing and regeneration process with several
mortality while all Aaptos sp. explants regenerated, recovers and survived.
Both species showed an increase of wet-weight for explants cultured in the
basket. The growth rates and recovery observation suggest that this method
is easy to carry out and inexpensive, promising an economically sponges
biomass production.
Key words : Aaptos sp.; Theonella sp.; Explant; culture
============================================================================================================
Kinetics & Mechanism of Hydrolysis of Di-2,5 dichlorophenyl phosphate via
conjugate acid species
*Asha Verma and C.P. Shinde
Abstract : Acid hydrolysis of Di-2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphate has
been carried out in the acid region, 0.1 to 7.0 mol dm–3 HCl, at 98° in 10%
aqueous dioxan (V/V) medium. Ionic strength data exhibits different
contribution of coniugate acid species and presence of acid catalysis.
Theoretical rates are estimated from second empirical term of Debye-Huckel
equation, have been found in good agreement with experimental rates.
Bimolecular behavior of the hydrolytic reaction has been decided by the use
of different concepts and hypothesis e.g., Hammett acidity function, Zucker-Hammett
equation, Bunnett parameters, Bunnett Olsen parameter, Arrhenius parameters
and solvent effect. The most probable mechanism for the hydrolytic reaction
has been given by using isokinetic relationship
Key words: Di-2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphate, acid catalysed
hydrolysis, conjugate acid species and neutral species
============================================================================================================
Influence of synthesis parameters on AlPO4-22
molecular sieves characterization
N. Venkatathri*
Abstract : There are about eight novel procedures for the synthesis
of AlPO4- 22 is discovered. They were characterized by XRD, SEM, Carbon and
Nitrogen analysis and MAS NMR techniques. X-ray diffraction studies shows
that aIl the synthesized samples are pure but contain a small amount of
Lamellar type of aluminophosphate (AIPO4-L). This can be eliminated by H2O2
treatment. Further, Sample 6, i.e. SAPO-22 contain some unknown impurity.
SEM analysis shows that all the samples are cuboid with particle size
ranging from 0.8 to 24 µm. However Sample 3 is orthorhombic and 7 is
rhombohedral. Carbon and nitrogen analysis shows that aqueous and
non-aqueous sample possess different amount of template. Non-aqueous sample
has almost double to that of aqueous samples. FT-IR in the framework region
shows similar in their pattern. Almost all the samples are similar but the
SAPO-22 samples differ in the T-O-T bending vibrations. The27 Al and 31P MAS
NMR of samples 4 and 7 are similar however the peak positions vary. Media
did not change the nature of the spectrum.
Key words: A1PO4-22, hexamethyleneimine, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, C & N
analysis, MASNMR
============================================================================================================
Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Lanthanide (III)
nitrate complexes of some Schiff Base Ligands
Kishor Arora*, D.D. Agrawala and Aarti Gupta
Abstract : The synthesis and characterization of Lanthanide (III)
nitrates with some schiff base ligands are reported. On the basis of
elemental analyses, electrical conductivity and molecular weight data the
adducts are assigned the general composition [Ln (L)4(NO3)3] (Ln = La, Ce,
Sm, Gd); L = (BAPy) 2-N- (benzalidene) amino pyridine (I), (p-BAPy) 2 N- (p-Dimethyl
amino benzalidene) amino pyridine (II), (3-NBAPy) 2-N-(3-nitro benzalidene)
amino pyridine (III) and (SAPy) 2N- (Salicylidene) amino pyridine (IV). All
the adducts are paramagnetic in nature except [La (L)4 (NO3)3] which are
diamagnetic. The infrared studies indicate that the ligand is coordinated to
the metal ion through azomethine nitrogen atom. The coordination number ten
is suggested for these complexes.
============================================================================================================
Temperature dependence of excess molar polarization
of the binary mixture of butanols in tetrachloromethane
S.K. Ray1 and C. Dwivedy2
Abstract : Excess molar polarization in binary mixture of n-butanol,
i-butanol and t-butanol in tetrachloro-methane is evaluated at different
temperatures (i.e. 301.16oK, 307.16oK, 313.16oK, 318.16oK). The nature of
variation of excess molar polarization with the mole fraction of polar
solute in the nonpolar solvent at different temperatures has been studied.
============================================================================================================
Long-term relationship between cosmic rays and geomagnetic activity
Umakant Sharma and Pankaj K. Shrivastava*
Abstract : It has been known that the cosmic ray intensity and
geomagnetic field of earth affected by the electromagnetic disturbances
while transporting from galactic space to the earth. The data obtained with
one neutron monitor located at low latitude station Huancayo (cut of
rigidity » 12.63 GV) and another high latitude station kiel (cut of rigidity
2.29 GV) are examined. We analyze cosmic ray data as well as geomagnetic
disturbance index Ap to examine the relation and correlation between their
monthly mean values for the time interval 1976 to 2003. Cosmic ray intensity
shows a 11-year cyclic variation with rigidity dependence. Cosmic rays are
negatively correlated with Ap index most of the period. Odd-even hypothesis
is also seen in their long -term hystersis loops.
============================================================================================================
Bioassay experiments to determine the toxicity of hospital effluent and
its treatment through an eco-friendly technique
Jain Monika, Shrivastava Rashmi, Singh Anil Kumar* and Jain Praveen**
Abstract : Present study deals with analysis of the concentration of
heavy metals, determination of toxicity of Hospital effluents through
Bioassay experiment and use of root zone treatment to reduce these
pollutants. Hospitals, which provide hospitality to the ailing, can also
create health hazards. Indiscriminate disposal of hospital waste is indeed
one of the major sources for spread of pollution and infection. It has
become our utmost priority that a comprehensive methodology should be worked
out to reduce the risk.
Samples of effluent collected from five hospitals [Govt. & Private]. Heavy
metals were analyzed by AAS & UV- Visible Spectrophotometer. Bioassay
experiments are conducted in the laboratory under different set of
conditions to evaluate the toxicity level of different heavy metal available
in the effluent of different Hospitals. Concentration of Pb and Cr were
above the permissible limit prescribed by Bio medical waste [Handling &
Management] rule 1998. As compared to Lead, Chromium is much more toxic for
Daphnia magna in very low concentration. Root zone treatment is an effective
device to reduce these pollutants.
Key words : Bioassay, Hospital effluent, Daphnia magna, LD50,
Eichhornea Crassipes and Typha lattifolia.
============================================================================================================
Surface water system of India and the importance of their inter
connections
Tayyab Saify
Abstract : India is endowed with abundant surface water resources
which
requires its sustainable management for the betterment of mankind. Out of
the total 2138 geograms of water (1 geogram = 1020 grams) of the world
treasure 4.49 geograms of water is precipitated every year in the atmosphere
which finally comes back to the earth in the form of rain, humidity, fog,
snow, hail etc, major portion of which falls on the ocean (3.50 geograms)
and the remaining 0.99 geograms on the land surface5,6. Indias average
annual rainfall is 105 cm which is the highest in the world causing a total
down pour to the tune of 0.37 geograms which is one third share of the total
rainfall of the world. From the Indian share of rain water of 0.1230 geogram
again returns back to the recycling process by way of precipitation, 0.1634
geogram (Table 8) develop a net work of different river systems with a total
length 2.89 million km2 as a surface flow and remaining 0.0836 seeped in the
ground to contribute as a ground water. Out of 0.0836 geograms of ground
water nearly 60% i.e. 0.0455 geograms appears as lakes, pools, ponds etc.
and the remaining 40% i.e. 0.0381 geograms penetrate more deeply and store
in the soil pores rock fissures as a ground water table5. Thus for the
speedy development of Indian economy it is very much essential to utilize
this God gifted treasure of flowing surface water by improving the navigable
water ways for transportation, power generation, intensive agriculture
production, industrialization etc which can only be possible by
interconnecting the wide spread river systems i.e. flowing surface water
systems (Saify & Ali 1987).
Key words : Surface water, River systems, Navigation, Transportation,
Friction, Energy.
============================================================================================================
Preliminary Study of Marine Bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens Associated
with Marine Sponge, Theonella sp.
Shamsuddin A. A.,a Lukman Hakim M. D.,a Zaidad Maraicar M. S.,a Najiah M.b,
Noraznawati I.c, Kamaruzzaman M. Y,a, and Effendy A. W.c
Abstract : Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) producing bacteria on TSI slant
agar have been isolated from marine sponge, Theonella sp. This study
indicated the presence of Shewanella putrefaciens which was identified based
on the cellular and morphological appearance, and also by biochemical
characteristics in combination with RapIDTM NF Plus System. Eleven isolates
have been observed which have the same characteristics such as gram
negative, asporogenous rod, straight or slightly curved, 0.5 x 1.5-2.0
microns in size, motile with peritrichous flagella and grew well in sea
water media. The catalase and oxidase tests were positive. Optimum growth
was observed in sucrose media incorporated with 3% to 6% of NaCl solution at
a temperature of 27ºC. These isolates originated from non-human sources
which were able to utilize a number of sugars (glucose, arabinose,
myo-inositol, lactose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, raffinose, rhamnose,
sucrose, trehalose, xylose, galactose and D(-) fructose) within duration
tests time of 24 hours to 14 days.
============================================================================================================
Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Investigation of
Ca2Co2Fe11LaO22 Ferrites
S.V. Kuhikar* and D. K. Kulkarni**
Abstract : In the present work the sample with chemical composition
Ca2Co2Fe11LaO22 has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction
technique. The sample possesses hexagonal crystal structure with the space
group R m (166). The value of lattice parameters a and c for the sample is
found to be 5.884 Å and 43.938 Å respectively. The dc electrical
conductivity and the inverse molar susceptibility measurements have been
carried out over the temperature range of 300 K-800 K. The activation energy
of the compound in ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic regions is found to be
0.202 & 0.355 eV respectively. The electrical conductivity of the ferrite is
explained on the basis of hopping mechanism. The Tc is found to be 782 K.
Key words : Synthesis, characterization, Hexagonal ferrites, Curie
temperature, conductivity.
============================================================================================================
Acoustic Properties of complex at various temperature
Pratibha B. Agrawal
Abstract : Different acoustic properties like apparent molal volume,
apparent molal compressibility, specific acoustic impendance and relative
association have been determined in Tb(II)-Methyl-1-carboxamido-3-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl
phenyl) pyrazole-5-carboxylate. [MCHMPPC] at different temperature.
Solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions have been inferred from these
properties.
============================================================================================================
A Study on Molar Refraction and Polarizability
Constants at 30+0.10C
Pratibha B. Agrawal
Abstract : The refractive indices of acetone-water, dioxane-water and
Methyl-1carboxamido-3-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl phenyl) pyrazole-5-carboxylate.
[MCHMPPC] in different percentages of acetone-water and dioxane-water
(l00%----70%) were measured by Abbes Refractometer at 30±0.10C. From the
data obtained, nlolar refraction and polarizability constants which are used
to estimate the nature of dipole are calculated.
|