Hydro-chemical Investigation of Shallow water in Tittagudi Taluk, Cuddalore Dist, Tamil Nadu (India)
G.R. SENTHIL KUMAR1 M. ARUMUGAM1 and J.F. LAWRENCE2
Abstract: Now-a-days communities are conscious of the quality of water, before they consume. Every one realizes the gravity of water quality deterioration. Water quality studies becoming more significant. Hence, an attempt has been made to evaluate the shallow groundwater quality in post monsoon period of Tittagudi taluk, which lies between latitude 11º 22' 03" to 11º 36' 29" N and longitude 78º 52' 42' to 79º 18' 59" E and situated in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu state. Detailed hydrogeological survey was carried out and the shallow water samples were collected from the predetermined forty- four (44) locations.  The water samples were analysed by using APHA (1996) standard methods. The analytical results have been processed using computer program with output results. The following thematic maps were prepared viz TDS, TH, CR, Scholler's water type, Stuyfzand water type, USSL Classification, Gibbs plot, etc. The TDS is less than 2500 mg/l.  Total hardness range between 150-300 mg/l (hard water). In the post monsoon period half of the water samples fall in the type-III classification, which indicates the dominance of bicarbonate water in the domain. According to Stuyfzand classification (1989), the shallow ground water of the study area  is classified into Oligohaline, fresh, F-Brackish and Brackish types. According to USSL classification the shallow water samples of the study area restricted to following classes C2S1, C3S1, C3S1, C3S2, C4S1, C4S2 and C4S3. Among these, C3S1 occupies the major part of the study area. Most of the groundwater of the study area is promising for irrigation purposes. Gibbs plot indicates, mostly the water quality is due to rock water interaction and in few location it is due to evaporation. Generally, the monsoon rainfall is found to be influencing factor for the change in water quality.

Impact of tidal submergence on astaxanthin content of mangroves
Abhijit Mitra, Shibdas Basu, Kakoli Banerjee* and Arnab Banerjee**
Abstract : The marine and estuarine environment is a unique reservoir of natural resources. The mangroves, which constitute an important floral component of this ecosystem is the store-house of several bioactive substances. A study was conducted in and around the eastern part of Indian Sundarbans during December, 2005, at three different stations namely Canning, Gosaba and Chotomollakhali, to monitor the variation of astaxanthin level in mangrove leaves under both submerged and exposed conditions. The astaxanthin level was monitored with respect to tidal influx and physico-chemical variables (like surface water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) to know the ecology of the mangrove species and the synthesis of astaxanthin under tidal influence. Astaxanthin, a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment has a unique antioxidant property. Significant variations of astaxanthin level were observed between submerged and exposed conditions. The relatively higher value of astaxanthin content in the submerged leaves of mangroves in three different stations confirms the synthesis of this carotenoid pigment under stressful condition. Although more studies are needed to confirm the role of tidal inundation on astaxanthin level in the coastal vegetation, but baseline data generated from such study points towards the regulatory effect of tidal inundation on astaxanthin content of the mangrove plants.  
Key words: Indian Sundarbans, Mangroves, Astaxanthin, Tidal inundation.

Effect of solvents and pH variation on electronic spectra of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde
B.S. Yadav, S.K. Tyagi* and Ritu Saran** 
Abstract: Electronic spectra in various polar solvents have been recorded in the region 1900-4000A0. The effect of change of solvent on electronic transition of 2-hydroxy -4 methoxy bonzaldehyde is explained. The effect of pH variation has also been studied.            

Hydrogeomorhological mapping A case study a part of sind basin, datia block, distt. Datia Madhya Pradesh, India, using rs & gis technique
D.R. Tiwari1 Satish Kumar2 and Chakravarty
Abstract : Remote Sensing (RS) data and Geographical Information System (GIS) play a rapidly increasing role in the field of hydrology and water resources development. One of the greatest advantages of using RS data for hydrological mapping and monitoring is its ability to generate information in spatial and temporal domain, which is very crucial for successful model analysis, prediction and validation. However, the use of RS technology involves large amount of spatial data management and requires an efficient system to handle such data. The GIS technology provides suitable alternatives for efficient management of large and complex databases. Information from satellites is becoming more and more important for environmental research; an important part of this information concerns water - an element most essential for man, its phases and peculiarities.  The Principal source of ground water recharge in the study area is through rainfall, although the river and streams emerging from hills also form a significant recharge source. The advent of Remote sensing has opened up new vistas in geological, geomorphological and structural mapping from ground water exploration.
Key words: Hydro geomorphology, Remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS).

Studies on the piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of samarium modified  lead zirconium titanate(PZT) electroceramic
Sandeep Khannaa* , Rekha Sharmab, and V.K. Rastogia 
Abstract: Modified PZT samples (pellets) of  composition Pb1-x Smx (Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47) O3 where x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 & 0.08  were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method using the oxide precursors. The samples were characterized for their  pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties. PSZT samples have high piezoelectric and pyroelectric coefficients yielding them to have a variety of  applications.
Key words: PZT; PSZT        

BER Estimation for Optical Communication System Using Variety of Fibers in the Presence of SPM and XPM
 Sandeep K. Arya, Ajay K. Sharma# and R. A. Agarwala*
Abstract: In this paper, optical communication system at 10 Gb/s, NRZ data format source has been simulated using a variety of available fibers at reference loss and reference dispersion wavelength of 1550 nm in the presence of SPM and XPM using commercial package OptSim. The SPM and XPM induced degradation in optical fiber communication systems in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) has been estimated up to fiber length of 300 kms. Further, Power at the output of optical communication system has been obtained for variety of fibers by mitigating the dispersion using ideal fiber Bragg gratings. Results have been obtained by considering the impact of second and third order dispersion terms. Moreover, a comparison for power and BER for variety of fibers have been shown for a comparative study. It has been investigated that the optical communication system suffers due to SPM and XPM induced degradation most severely using Alcatel_SMF fiber and shows BER of 10-10 at a fiber length of merely 194 kms. Further, it has been observed that the optical communication system suffers least with Sumitomo_Z and Sumitomo_Z_Plus fibers and depict a BER of 10-10 at a fiber lengths of 282 and 290 kms respectively.
 Index Terms:  Fibers, BER, Self phase modulation (SPM), Cross phase modulation (XPM).            

Effect of solvents on electronic transitions of 3,5-dibromo pyridine
B.S. Yadav, Amit Kumar Yadav, Seema* and Subhash Chand**
Abstract: The electronic spectra of 3,5-Dibromopyridine (here after referred as 3,5-DBP) have been recorded in the region 400-200nm. The effect of solvents on electronic transitions is also studied and discussed.
Key Words : Electronic spectra and Solvent effect.               

A study on white layer and surface texture in laser cutting of 304 grade stainless steel 
Ranganath B. J.1* and   Viswanath G2    
Abstract : The formation of white layer on cut surface is found on cutting stainless steel with Carbon dioxide laser using oxygen as assist gas. The composition of such a layer is found to be depleted of elements of the base cut material. This weakens the cut surface and affects the cut surface texture and functioning of the cut surface. The analysis of the laser cut surface is discussed in this paper.
Key words : white layer, surface roughness, laser cutting.

Drainage morphometry analysis through rs & gis technique A case study, a part of Datia block, District Datia (M.P.)
D.R. Tiwari1 and Satish K. Chakaravarty2
Abstract: Morphometry is defined as the measurement of shape. Morphometry studies in the field of Hydrology were first initiated by R.E. Horton & A.E. Strahler in 1940s & 1950s the main purpose of this work was to discover holistic stream properties from the measurement for various stream attributes. R.E. Horton applied morphometric analysis to a variety of stream attributes and from these studies he proposed a number of laws of drainage composition. Horton's law of stream lengths suggested that a geometric relationship existed between the numbers of stream segments in successive stream orders. During the last 20 years the subjective approach to the description of drainage pattern has been largely supplemented by more objective - and far more useful - techniques of study. In this study area under investigation is located in latitude 25o32' 25o50' and longitude 78o13' 78o44' as per Survey of India toposheet nos. 54K/2, 54K/5, 54K/6, 54K/9 and 54K/10 which covers an area of about 911 Km2. The area of study is a part of Bundelkhand Plateau.  The general elevation is about 198 mtrs. above the mean sea level. GIS analysis made the computation of parameter required for morphometric analysis easier & less time consuming then manual method like area measurement, Length measurement & calculations etc. Mapping of drainage pattern was carried out using satellite data on 1:50,000 scales. Computation of parameters required for morphometric analysis, ordering, lengths, area etc. were estimated using GIS technique. The seven subwatershed in the study area are suggested that the subwatersheds represent respectively, SWS-1, SWS-2, SWS-3, SWS-4, SWS-5, SWS-6, SWS-7.

Automatic Domain-Relevancy Appraisal of Software Components
 *Parvinder Singh Sandhu1 and Hardeep Singh2
Abstract: Domain-relevancy is an important factor in evaluating the reusability of a software component. For software Domain recognition systems; adequate ground truth labels that describe relevant software categories are necessary. This paper presents an approach that allows to automatically cluster feature-vector (FV) codes into meaningful categories. It exploits the fact that FV codes can be seen as documents containing terms -the idenifiers present in the components- and so text modeling methods that capture co-occurrence information in low-dimensional spaces can be used. The FV code derived descriptions are computed by Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Semi-Discrete matrix Decomposition (SDD) techniques.The FV code representation of clusters is used to find the domain-relevancy of the software components  automatically.  The paper has mentioned , how statistical tools can be used to get a high-level description of software domain and  compared the results of the two techniques. The results shows the superiority of SDD over  SVD technique in terms of computation speed and storage.
 Key words : SVD, SDD, Domain-Relevancy, Clustering, Reusability. 

A preliminary study into the direct effect of chemical pesticides on the predatory mite Anystis baccarum
ANDREW G. S. CUTHBERTSON1* and ARCHIE K. MURCHIE2 
Abstract: A preliminary laboratory study was undertaken to investigate the impact of four commonly used chemical pesticides (pirimicarb, phosalone, dicofol/tetradifon and tebufenpyrad) on the predatory mite Anystis baccarum. Pirimicarb and tebufenpyrad had least detrimental effect on A. baccarum, whereas both phosalone and dicofol/tetradifon caused complete mortality of A. baccarum at the recommended dose rate. The potential for development of integrated pest management strategies incorporating chemical pesticides and A. baccarum for orchard invertebrate pest control is discussed.   
Key words : Anystis baccarum, biocontrol, chemical pesticides, integrated pest management.

Insecticidal and antiovipoitional properties of some aromatic medicinal plants, Eugenia caryophyllus, eucalyptus camaldulensis, xylopia  ethiopica and bryophyllum pinnatum against cowpea bruchid, callosobruchus maculatus (F.)
1OMOTOSO, O. T. and 2Ogunleye, R. F.
Abstract: Powders made from some aromatic medicinal plants were evaluated for their insecticidal and antiovipositional properties against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory under flunctuating ambient temperature (30Z2oC) and relative humidity (70Z5%). E. caryophyllus at all dosages gave 100.00±0.00% insect mortality. B. pinnatum gave 80.00±1.00%, 90.00±2.10% and 100.00±0.00% mortality at 1g, 2g and 5g treatments respectively. X. aethiopica gave 50.00±1.20%, 60.00±0.90% and 100.00±0.00% mortality at 1g, 2g and 5g treatments respectively. E. camaldulensis resulted in 80.00±1.02%, 100.00±0.00% and 100.00±0.00% mortality at 1g, 2g and 5g treatments respectively.
Eggs were not deposited on the beans treated with E. caryophyllus at all dosages while the highest dosage of 5g inhibited egg deposition in B. pinnatum treated beans. Egg deposition observed in lower dosages of 1g and 2g were 1.25±0.21% and 1.25±0.11% respectively. X. aethiopica  treated beans at  1g, 2g and 5g treatments gave 5.00±0.32%, 3.13±0.78% and 1.88±0.58% egg deposition respectively. E. camaldulensis gave 5.34±0.91%, 3.75±1.20% and 1.95±1.00% at 1g, 2g  and 5g dosage treatments respectively.
 Key words: Eugenia caryophyllus, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Xylopia aethiopica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and antioviposition.    

Vibrational spectral studies of 6-Propyl -2-Thiouracil
B.S. YADAV*, PRITI YADAV, ISRAT ALI and PRADEEP KUMAR
Abstract: The vibrational spectra (IR and Raman) of 6-propyl-2-thio uracil have been recorded in the region 400 - 4000 cm-1 and 30 - 4000 cm-1 respectively. The assignments of fundamentals are proposed and discussed by assuming the molecule under Cs point group symmetry. Hydrogen bonding and tautomeric behaviour of the molecule have also been discussed.
Keywords : Infrared and Raman spectroscopy, vibrational frequencies, 6-propyl-2-thio uracil.         

Evaluation of ground water Through R.S. & gis techniques A case study, a part of data block, Distt. Datia M.P. (India)
Satish Kumar Chakravarty* and D.R. Tiwari**
Abstract: Ground water is a precious natural resource of limited extent. Due to its longer residence time in ground, low level of contamination, wide distribution and availability within the vicinity and reach of the consumer, ground water development gets first priority for meeting the over growing demand of water and occupies an important place both in hydrologic cycle as well as in the life cycle of mankind. A ground water development programme needs large volume of multidisciplinary data from various sources. In the present study, an integrated remote sensing and GIS based technique has been adopted for Assessment of ground water in a part of Datia Block, Datia district, Madhya Pradesh that suffers acute water crisis at times. IRS- IB (LISS-II) data along with other data sets have been utilized to prepare the hydrogeomorphological map of the area. It is observed that areas of Denudational Hill and Residual Hill have low ground water potential with high runoff, which areas those of Pediment and Buried Pediment have comparatively higher groundwater potential with low runoff, which may be helpful in locating the productive well sites. Study of lineament map of the area further strengthens the fact that better well yields are expected in the areas traversed by NW-SE trending lineaments, which may be responsible for large-scale migration of groundwater in the area.
Key words: Hydro geomorphology. Integration, Remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), Groundwater potential.  

Average characteristics of cosmic rays daily variation for solar cycle-23
Manoj Kumar Pandey, Pankaj K. Shrivastav and R.K.Tiwari*
Abstract: As we know that the solar modulated anisotropic variations in cosmic ray intensity can be detected by the ground based detectors. These anisotropies are generated due to the spin motion of the earth1,2,6. We have performed an average characteristics analysis to establish the amplitude and phase modulation for first two harmonics of the cosmic ray anisotropy. Pressure corrected hourly values of Kiel NM station have been used for the period 1996 to 2005. In the present study, we have derived the average characteristics of first two harmonics of cosmic ray daily variation for the period of 1996 to 2005, covering the almost whole solar cycle - 23.                             

Reduction of Pb(II) with Some Amino Acids and Thiodiglycolic Acid (TDGA) at Dropping Mercury Electrode (DME)
Vijay Malhotra1 and C. P. Singh Chandel2*
Abstract: The reduction of Pb(II) in the aqueous solution with some amino acids (DL-­Threonine, DL-Isoleucine and L-Serine) and thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) have been investigated at dropping mercury electrode (DME). The stability constants of Pb-TDGA and Pb-Amino acids were measured first, by the method of Deford & Hume and that of Pb-Amino acids-TDGA have been studied by the method of Schaap & McMasters. The reduction of all the complexes has been found to be reversible and diffusion controlled, involving two electrons in each case. Three types of mixed complexes MXY, MX2Y and MXY2 have been determined with the help of these data statistical and electrostatic effects have been considered.
Key words: Thiodiglycolic acid, Amino acids, Reduction.    

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of a novel large pore aluminosilicate, NCL-15 using hexamethyleneimine template from non-aqueous media
N. Venkatathri* and L. Saikia
Abstract : A large pore aluminosilicate molecular sieve NCL-15 have been synthesized using hexamethyleneimine template from non-aqueous media for the first time. It was characterized using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, N2 adsorption, MASNMR and benzaldehyde dimethoxylation reactions.
Key word: Aluminosilicate, large pore, NCL-15, molecular sieves, dimethoxylation.

Study of Copper (II) & Nickel (II) Ternary Complexes Involving Tridentate and Bidentate Ligands
 M. Rafique Ullah, Shakila Rahman and Nargish Jahan Ara
Abstract: The tridentate ligands used for study of Cu (II) & Ni(II) ternary complexes are the mannich bases derived from Salicylaldehyde and amino acids (with and without side groups) by reduction of their corresponding shiff bases. Solution studies of ternary complexes is being done using these mannich bases as one of the ligand and the amino acids with or without side groups as the second ligands. The stability constants of these ternary complexes have been determined potentiometrically using the SCOGS (stability constant of generalized species) computer programme. A reason for the more negative Dlogk values of the ternary Cu(II) complexes is discussed.

Morphometric analysis of somni stream watershed, Patan Block, Durg District, Chhattisgarh
Prashant Shrivastava1 and Anupama Asthana2
Abstract: The Somni stream watershed is drained by Somni stream and its two associate streams Pahandor and Amlidih streams. The drainage network presents dendritic pattern. The total watershed area drained by these streams is 202.18km2. The general slope direction of the basin is in NE direction. The area receives average annual rainfall 1010.9mm. The quantitative morphometric analysis developed by Horton2 and Longbein3 are applied to evaluate characteristic linear scale dimensions of Somni stream water shed. The results of morphometric analysis of the basin shows its mature surface, oval shape, coarse texture, permeable with high infiltration rate and nearly flat topography.

Performance Analysis of Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocol : A Review
Sanjeev Sharma* R.C. Jain** and Sarita Singh Bhadauria***
Abstract: An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Due to the limited transmission range of wireless network interfaces, multiple network “hops” may be needed for one node to exchange data with another across the network. In recent years, a variety of new routing protocols targeted specifically at this environment have been developed, but little performance information on each protocol           and no realistic performance comparison between them is available. This paper presents the review results of a detailed packet-level comparing four multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols that cover a range of design choices: DSDV, TORA, DSR, and AODV.          

Refractive index: Theoretical evaluation in binary liquid mixtures
Shipra Baluja, Nirmal Pandaya, Nikunj Kachhadia and Asif Solanki
Abstract: For four binary liquid mixtures : acetophenone + dimethylformamide (ACE+DMF), acetophenone + Hexane (ACE + HEX), acetophenone + tetrahydrofuran (ACE + THF), acetophenone + methanol (ACE +ME), density and refractive index (RI) have been measured at 308.15K. The experimental values of refractive index are compared with those calculated from Lorentz-Lorentz, Heller, Newton and Gladstone - Dale mixing rules.                               

The Physico-Chemical and Petrographic Characters of Eocene Coal Occurring in Rangsokham Area, East Khasi Hills Meghalaya (India)
M. Ahmed, P. K. Das and S. Phukan
Abstract: The Lakaday Sandstone Member of the Shella Formation of Jaintia Group (Eocene) houses two thin and impersistant coal seams in and around Rangsokham area near Mawsynram of East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya. The present study deals with the characters of coal collected from the bottom seam of Rangsohkham area. The seam is about 1 m. in thickness and is bottomed and topped by thin carbonaceous shales. The other associated litho units are shales along with dominant sandstone which are often current bedded.
The coal is generally soft and friable with dull black colour and at places bottom part of the seam shows increasing order of lustre and hardness. Hard portions of the coal breaks with a conchoidal fracture and preserves a shining oval shaped structure. Pyrite crystals are well preserved in the coal seam.
In proximate analysis the coal is characterized by low ash (1.5-8.7%), low moisture (2.1-5.9%) and high volatile matter (41.2 - 51.0%). The total sulphur content varies from 2.0 -3.42% with dominant organic form (1.58-2.92%). The ‘calorific value’ of the coal calculated from proximate analysis data using Goutal’s formula varies from 6683- 7151 k call/kg.
In petrographic composition the coal contains 82.90-86.18% vitrinite dominated by collinite, 3.08-4.72% exinite, 3.39-7.95% inertinite and 3.45-7.30% mineral matter with framboidal pyrite.
The coal of Rangsohkham area belongs to non-caking B6 sub-bituminous and lignite types after the general classification of Indian coal (ISI). In petrographic classification the coal is of vitrinertite- V type.
The low ash content of the coal indicate short distance transportation of the parent plant debris. The high percentage of sulphur, structureless vitrinite (collinite) and framboidal pyrite of the coal indicate marine influence in the depositional basin.
The conchoidal fracture, oval shaped shining structure and the low moisture content of the coal indicate tectonic influence in the region during the coalification process. This view is further evidenced by the presence of Dauki Fault along the southern fringe of the Meghalaya Fig. 1-11.    

Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to foliar application of different nutrients under rainfed conditions
Suresh Motwani and Tayyab Saify
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to study the ‘Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to foliar application of different nutrients under rainfed conditions’. During the rabi season of 2001-2002 at the research farm of R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore (M.P.) under All Inda Co-ordinated Research Project on Chickpea. Twelve treatment combinations of two basal dose of nutrients (with and without basal dose of nutrients) and six foliar spray of nutrients viz. no spray, water spray, 2% urea spray, 3% urea spray, 2% D.A P. spray and 2% KCl spray, were replicated four times in a randomized block design. The plot size was 5.0 m ´ 3.0 m the soil of the experimental field was medium black clay loam, low in available nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potash with pH 7-8. The chickpea variety JG-130 sown on 22nd October 2001 and harvested on 6th March 2002.    

Ficus extracts against copper intoxication
Kalkar S.A., P. B. Agrawal* and N.M. Paulkar
Abstract: Continuous ingestion of Cu (II) is sufficient to induce chronic Cu poisoning in man. So, removal of such toxic metal is necessary. Here, an attempt has been made using colorimetric EDTA titration in order to find the utility of Ficus extracts in the removal of toxic metals like Cu (II). Efforts are also made to find out the solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions from the ultrasonic velocity and density measurement. Such studies may throw light on the antitoxicity of Ficus extracts. It has been observed that plant extracts showing less interactions, will be more useful in absorbing toxic metals.