Abstract of Volume 19(3), 2007

 

Adsorption behaviour of polyacrylamide on oxide surfaces

Pragnesh N. Dave*, Shakil S. Sait** and Narsidas J. Parmar***

Abstract : Adsorption of polyacrylamide onto the oxide surfaces, namely, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, alumina and kaolinite has been studied by electrokinetics and measurement of adsorption density. The mechanism of adsorption is suggested to be as the acid-base interaction between the substrate surface and polymer segments. The presence of surface hydroxyl groups, with the tendency to lose protons acting as Bronsted acid sites in the crystal lattice of these metal oxides, can interact with the binding sites of PAM segments considered as Lewis base in aqueous solution. Electrokinetic and adsorption studies of individual oxide system have been carried out to comprehend the mechanism of interaction and qualitative investigations were drawn incorporating the Stern-Graham and Langunuir adsorption isotherm equations.       

Key words: Adsorption, Electrokinetics, Polyacrylamide, Adsorption strength of polymers.   

 

 

Study on potent threats to the existance of wild musli (Chlorophytum ker-gawl.) plants in the Sagar region of Madhya Pradesh

A. K. Baronia*, A. S. Mishra** and B.K. Mishra***

Abstract : With the start of cultivation of safed musli in Sagar region in the year 1998-99, there has been a tremendous decrease in the population of wild musli plants in the forest areas. The study revealed that our forests are being used as a nursery to procure seedlings at  a cheaper rates(seed is the costliest item in musli cultivation) and poor tribals are being exploited because of ignorance. There is urgent need to aware the mass about the utility and importance of wild musli to conserve the natural populations of wild musli in the region and reducing harvest pressure on forest populations.

Key words : Biodiersity, Chlorophytum sp., safed musli, medicinal plant.    

 

Thermal Analysis Studies of Terpolymer Resin Derived From 2-Hydroxy acetophenone, Melamine and Formaldehyde

R. H. Gupta1, A.B. Zade1 and W.B. Gurnule*2

Abstract : The terpolymer resins (2-HAMF) were prepared by refluxing a mixture of  2-hydroxy acetophenone (2-HA), Melamine (M) and formaldehyde (F) in the presence of 2M HCl as a catalyst for 5h at 130 ± 20C with varying molar ratio of reactants. The four different terpolymer thus obtained using different molar ratios are all amorphous in nature and yellow in colour. They have high melting points and exhibit high thermal stability. The terpolymer resins were analysed for C, H and N. Their purity was established by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The viscosity measurements in DMF have been carried out with a view to ascertain characteristic functions and constants. UV-visible, IR and NMR spectral studies have been undertaken to elucidate  their structure. Freeman -Carroll and Sharp-Wentworth methods  have been used to calculate activation energy and thermal stability of these terpolymers. Kinetic parameters have been calculated using the data of Freeman Carroll method. The results obtained have been suitably discussed.            

 

Control of rock weathering on the chemical composition of groundwater in salem District, Tamilnadu, India

Srinivasamoorthy K.*, Chidambaram S., Anandhan P., Prasanna M.V. and John Peter

Abstract : Rock and groundwater samples representing major lithology like Peninsular gneiss, Charnockite and Calc gneiss were collected from Salem district of Tamilnadu, India to infer the influence of rock weathering on the chemistry of groundwater.  Rocks samples were sieved in Mesh for various size fractions and made to react with double distilled water and water samples were collected at a time gap of 45 days for a period of one year (eight times), groundwater samples were also collected from major lithology and analyzed for major ions. The rock reacted samples reveal mole ratios of HCO3/SiO2 dominantly fall in the Feldspar, Biotite and Pyroxene weathering zones. Factor analysis suggests direct reaction, dissolution, reworking on the adsorbed mineral faces, diffusion and ion exchange are the principal factors controlling the water chemistry of rock water interacted samples. The relative mobility of ions is lesser in Charnockite than the other two rock types because of their high resistance to weathering. It is interpreted that trend of relative mobility of ions remain to be same in experimental values (in lab) and in groundwater condition (in field) but in different ratios.   

Key words :  Groundwater, Rock water interaction, Salem district, Mole ratio, hydrochemistry, Relative mobility.

 

Evaluation of Protonation Constants of Amino Acids by Solution Electrophoresis [H+ - - Amino Butyric Acid / 2-Amino, 3-Butenoic Acid / Nor Valine / Iso Leucine systems]

Rishi Kumar Pandey, Satyendra Singh* and V.N. Srivastava

Abstract : Use of solution electrophoresis technique is described for the evaluation of proton ligand equilibrium constant of some -amino acids. The present paper reports some of our observation on [H+ - - Amino Butyric Acid / 2-Amino, 3-Butenoic Acid / Nor Valine / Iso Leucine systems].          

 

 

Influence of a textile dye waste on properties of a clayey soil

K. Mallikarjuna Rao,1  V. Tirumala Rao,2  and G. Reddy Babu3

Abstract : Influence of industrial effluents on soil, water, and air has been the subject matter of several researchers. This investigation aims at studying the influence of spent orange dye effluent from a Textile industry on a clayey soil. The soil is mixed with spent orange dye effluent and tested for Index properties and Engineering properties after varying curing periods. Influence of each component of dye effluent on soil is ascertained by another series of tests by mixing it with soil. The dye effluent and its constituents are found to induce cementation/bonding and flocculation to the soil resulting in improved engineering properties. X - Ray diffraction studies reveal that the clay minerals present in the soil react actively with dye effluent. The observed changes are explained in terms of changes brought out in chemical environment of pore fluid, pH and physico - chemical interactions between soil particles and particle groups.

Key words: Consolidation, Swelling, Atterberg limits, textile dye effluent.     

 

Reinforced polymer composites based on acrylic modified unsaturated polyester resin-mica having improved electrical and mechanical properties

B. Z. Dholakiya*1 and K. D. Patel2

Abstract : Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) is one of the major thermosetting resin and is very useful as a matrix resin for composite material for its processibility. UPR, however, have several short comings: It is poor in electrical resistance and styrene in the unsaturated polyester resin is an environmental and occupational health problem due to evaporation and emission of styrene, which occurs during the processing of the resin.  

 

UPR was synthesized using Isophthalic acid (IPA), Maleic anhydride (MA) and Propylene glycol (PG). In this study, acrylic monomers i.e. Methyl methacrylate (MMA), Butyl methacrylate (BMA) and Acrylonitrile (AN) was used as an acrylic modifier to reduce styrene emissions and mica was used as filler to improve the electrical resistance behaviour. The matrixes in the form of composites were characterized for their electrical and mechanical performances according to ASTM methods: Arc resistance, Surface and Volume resistivity, Izod impact strength, Flexural strength and Rockwell hardness. Data obtained from electrical and mechanical study indicates that the introduction of mica as filler and acrylic monomer into UPR improves electrical and mechanical properties with low styrene emission.      

Key words: polyester resin, acrylic monomer, composites, mica, electrical resistance.

 

 

 

Open circuit potential l studies of ZA-27 / quartz mmc in 0.1N acid chloride mediums

Jayaprakash, H.V.1* P.V. Krupakara2 and Gireesha. C3

Abstract : This research paper involves the study of Open Circuit Potential determination of the ZA-27 alloy reinforced with quartz particulate in 0.1N hydrochloric acid solution. MMC composites are prepared by liquid melt metallurgy technique using vortex method. Composites containing 2,4,6 weight percentage of Quartz particulates of 60-80micro meter since they are prepared according to ASTM standards. Rectangular specimen of 2cm length and 1cm breadth is prepared. 1sq.cm is exposed to corrosive medium; they are subjected to Open Circuit Potential study using multimeter and calomel electrode. The potential observed for 2%, 4%,6% composites were less than the potential of matrix alloy for a range of 40hrs.         

Key words : ZA-27 alloy: Quartz: Composites: Corrosion.

 

 

Influence of metal ions in industrial wastewater on the Cement setting, strength development and hardening

G. Reddy Babu   H. Sudarsana Rao  and I.V. Ramana Reddy

Abstract: The feasibility of treated industrial wastewater as mixing water and the effect of its constituents on cement mortar were experimentally evaluated. Cement mortar specimens were cast using, Deionised Water (DW), Tap Water (TW), Treated Wastewater of Inorganic Chemical Industry (TWWICI), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg) and Manganese (Mn). The results, when compared with the results of reference specimen made with deionised water, showed that TWWICI significantly and TW insignificantly increased the setting times and were made indistinguishable strength variations. Compressive and flexural strength increased as the concentration of metal was increased, when compared with reference specimens made of DW. Therefore, TWWICI is found to be suitable for mixing water in cement mortar with no adverse effects and it is found that metal ions interacted friendly with cement mortar.         

Key words: Cement mortar, metals, industrial wastewater, setting and strength   development.                   

 

 

Molluscicidal properties of Azadriractha indica in the control of schistosome snail vector Bulinus globosus

OLOFINTOYE L. K. and AKINBILE P. A.

Abstract : Boiled and blended extracts obtained from the bark, seed and leaf parts of the neam plant Azadiractha indica at different concentrations of 25%, 50% and 100% were used as treatment on Bulinus globosus at different hours of exposure (6, 12 and 24 hours). The molluscicidal potency on the mortality rate of B. globosus increases with increase in concentration levels and time of exposure for all experiments. Thus the 100% extract concentration shows a significant higher molluscicidal potency in the mortality rate of B. globosus, P<0.05. The blended extract concentrations had more molluscicidal potency in the mortality rate of B. globosus than boiled extract concentrations and hours of exposure. Blended seed extract concentrations had highest snail mortality rate on B. globosus.     

Key words :   Azadriractha indica, mortality and Bulinus globosus  

 

Solution electrophoresis in the study of some divalent metal complexes [Cu(II)/Be(II)Co(II)/Mn(II)--Amino Butyric Acid System]

Rishi Kumar Pandey, Satyendra Singh* and V.N. Srivastava

Abstract : Modified electrophoresis technique viz. solution electrophoresis has been employed for the study of the metal ligand equilibria in solution. The method is based upon the migration of metal ion under electric influence in electrophoretic tube with variation in pH of the black ground electrolyte (ionic strength 0.1). The plot of pH Vs absorbance difference reveals the nature of complexation and help in calculating its equilibrium constants. The present work report the result on the binary viz. Cu(II), Be (II), Co(II) and Mn(II)--Amino Butyric Acid complexing system.

Key words : Solution Electrophoresis -Amino Butyric Acid, Stability constant.

 

Kinetics of oxidation of oxyhaemoglobin by anthraquinone

DILIP B. PATIL* and  PRAKASH R. KAKDE

Abstract : Kinetics of the oxidation of oxyhaemoglobin by anthraquinone has been studied by spectrophotometrically. The specific rate of reaction is 3.46 101 M-1 s-1 at pH 4.00 and at temperature of 25.00C. The kinetic parameters such as frequency factor, energy of activation and entropy of activation are found to be 9.05 1013 s-1, 70.84 kJmol-1 and -13.98 JK-1mol-1 respectively. The probable mechanism for the reaction is proposed.

Key word  : Kinetics, oxidation, oxyhaemoglobin, anthraquinone.

 

 

Ultra violet absorption spectra of 1-ethyl 2-methyl quinolinium iodide

B.S. Yadav  and  Shalini Singhal

Abstract : Electronic spectra in various polar solvents have been recorded in the region 1900 - 4000 Ao. The effect of change of solvent on electronic trasition of 1-Ethyl 2-Methyl quinolinium iodide is explained.   

Key words : Electronic spectra and solvent effect in different polar solvents.                       

 

 

Geo-electrical data analysis to identify groundwater potential pockets in Uppodai water shed, Chittar-uppodai sub basin, Tambaraparani river, Tirunelveli-thoothukudi Districts, Tamil Nadu, South India

T. Jeyavel Raja Kumar, A. Balasubramanian1, R.S. Kumar and K. Manokaran

Abstract : The present attempt has been made to identify good groundwater potential zones in a dry water shed of Uppodai, Uppodai - Chittar sub basin. The study area is chiefly consist of crystalline rocks of Archaean age namely gneisses, charnockites, granites and basic and acidic intrusives. In order to understand the different subsurface litholayers, 12 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out at different places using DDR - 3 model resistivity meter with Schlumberger configuration. The maximum and minimum resistivity values obtained from the interpretation   for the study area is varies from 17.3 m to 4898.5 m. The resistivity curve types obtained for the study area are A, K and AK. The resistivity value >500 m has been taken in to account to demarcate the fresh rock in the present interpretation. The basement is observed shallow depth at VES location12 with the depth of 10.4m where as the deeper depth to basement observed in VES location 1 with the thickness of more than 50m. Further, secondary resistivity parameters transverse resistance (T), longitudinal conductance (S) and coefficient of anisotropy () were also used to demarcate potential groundwater zones. The value range for the S, T and are 0.0709 mhos to 0.7558 mhos; 193.6 m to 90889.9 m and0.63 to 2.77 respectively. The feasible good groundwater zones are identified in the south western part and certain pockets of north west of the study area.  

Key words: Uppodai, Vertical Electrical Sounding, resistivity parameters, Tambaraparani river.        

 

 

Upper palaeocene carbonate facies from south Shillong plateau, Meghalaya, ne India

P.K. Baruah1 and P. K. Das2

Abstract : The Lakadong Limestone Member (Thanetian) of Sylhet Formation (Thanetian-Priabonian) is the principal Paleocene marine facies in Khasi and Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya. The carbonate strata are beautifully exposed along quarry faces of Mawmluh-Cherrapunji Cement Ltd. of Khasi Hills. The stratigraphic horizon for its strong control in floral and faunal assemblages like Ranikothelia nutteli, Miscellanae miscella, Discocyclina ranikotensis, Lockhartia heimei, Deviesina, Glomalveolina, Operculina salsa and Distichoplax biserialis bear significant importance in identifying the Paleocene succession in Cretaceous-Tertiary stratigraphy of the region. The exposed thickness of the Lakadong Limestone Member is about 35m. The limestone is rich in larger foraminifers, calcareous algae and few corals. The crustose coralline algae chiefly include species of Archaeolithothamnium, Lithothamnium, Mesophyllum, Lithoporella, Melobesia, Distichoplax, and the articulated corallines are Jania, corallina, and Cayeuxia. The principal Dasyclads are Dissocladella and Cymopolia. The larger foraminifers chiefly comprise of Alveolina (Glomoalveolina), Ranikothelia, Miscellanea, Operculina, Lockhartia, Discocyclina, Nummulite, Deviesina, Kathiana, and rotaliid-miliolid Association. Algal fragments, algal sticks, pellets and variable contents of foram-algal association are cemented by carbonate mud and sparry calcite, and largely formed skeletal packstone-grainstone-wackstone carbonate facies, which indicate moderate to high-energy, open stable marine environment of shallow depth and developed under warm, humid and tropical climate.

 

Investigations of triethylenetetraammonium selenate monohydrate:

[NH3(CH2)2NH2(CH2)2NH2(CH2)2NH3]0.5[SeO4].H2O,  a possible intermediate in the synthesis of open-framework metal selenate

Ayi A. Ayi*,  I. E. Uwah and G. E. Iniama

Abstract : Hydrogen-bonded structure of triethylenetetraammonium selenate monohydrate: [NH3(CH2)2NH2(CH2)2NH2(CH2)2NH3]0.5[SeO4].H2O, I, has been investigated by single crystal X-ray crystallography and its spectral and thermal properties studied. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14), a = 5.5002(6), b = 10.3083(11), c = 14.219(2)Å, = 93.964(2), V = 804.2(2)Å3,  Z = 4, Rint. = 0.0253 for 1153 independent reflections. The structure of 1 consists of Chains of [NH3 (CH2) [NH2(CH2)2NH2(CH2)2 NH3]4+ and SeO2-4 ions interacting with adjacent chains via, hydrogen bonds to form a layer. The layers are stacked together through multiple hydrogen bonding interactions to form a network structure. The free selenate SeO42- ions exhibit vibrational modes expected of ions with Td symmetry. The IR active band 3(F2) is observed at 865cm-1 while the bands at 837 and 797cm-1 are associated with  1(A1) mode.  The IR active 4(F2) band  is at 575cm-1 and the band at 509cm-1 is attributed to 2(E) mode.    

Key words : Triethylenetetraammonium selenate monohydrate, Hydogen bonded structure, vibrational modes.

 

 

 

Investigation on activity of enzyme alkaline phosphatase (Alp/ap) in storage serum

Julijana Tomovska1, Nikola Hristovski1, Natalija Tomovska2 and Zulijana Vojnovska3

Abstract : The determination of the enzymatic status in patient's serum is of crucial value to further diagnostics. The pre - analytic factors does not have influence on the method or the performance of the laboratory test, but they do have influence on the results. Enzyme  has been analyzed in already prepared "pool'' serums, whose activity is influenced by the environment, the temperature and the period of time, in which they are kept. Commercial kits of reagents have determined the activity before and after containing the serums for the periods of 1,2,3,5,10 and 15 days at three different temperatures (18 oC, 4 oC and -20 oC) with and without crioprotection 0.1 % NaN3, the enzymatic activities were different. The activity of ALP in a serum kept for 15 days on 18 oC is not significantly lowered all time, so 3rd and 5th day we have significantly decreasing the activity (21.4 - 26%). At the temperature of 4 oC the activity of ALP is statistically changed (24 - 17 %). At the temperature of -20 oC the activity is decreasing 3rd and 5th day (24.9 - 27.5 %). In the serum contained with 0.1 % NaN3, the activity of ALP for the temperature of 18 oC is decreasing 2nd and 15th day (23.9 - 28 %). At the temperature of 4 oC, is decreasing 2nd day for 24 %, but all other days the activity increasing. At the temperature of -20 oC, only 2nd we have significantly decreasing of the activity for 24.4 %. In a serum that was several times frozen and unfrozen the activity decreases the first day by 23.2%, but increases after and on the 6th day it is 38.1% up.     

Key words: ALP, serum, enzymes, temperature, stability, storage, freezing - thawing.         

 

 

 

Geochemical studies of, alunite mineralization from Ghaleh Dar area, East of Isfahan, Central Iranian magmatic belt

Batoul Taghipour1, Iraj Noorbehesht1, Mohammad Ali Mackizadeh1, Arthur Kassone2, Antonio Delegado3  and  Huertas

Abstract : The Eocene volcanics and pyroclastics from Ghaleh Dar area (part of Cenozoic magmatic belt of Central Iran) are undergone to extensive hydrothermal alteration. Major alteration zones are inclusing quartz sericite, advanced argillic, propylitic and silicification.  Shazad alunites are mainly porcelaneous and their compositions show a solid solution between alunite and jarosite.           

            There is a lot alunite and jaroste occurrences mainly as veinlets in parts of advanced argillic zone. On the basis of field mineralogical evidences, and results from Isotope data ( 18O, D and 34S), the Ghaleh Dar alunitization is from supergene origin.  

 

 

Love Wave Scattering Due to an Infinite Rigid Plane Boundary

S. Mudgal

Abstract : The problem of scattering of Love waves due to an infinite rigid Plane Boundary in a surface layer lying over a solid half space is studied here. The rigid plane boundary lies along half of a slightly dissipative surface layer and the other half of the layer is a free surface. The reflected, transmitted and the waves scattered due to the strip have been obtained by using the Wiener­Hopf technique. The scattered waves propagate with the speed of the waves in the half space and not with that of the waves in the layer.        

Keywords and Phrases: Love Waves; Surface layer; Scattering; Wiener­Hopf Technique.    

           

 

Genesis of andradite-grossular garnets in altered igneous rocks from High Zagros salt domes, Iran

Sedigheh Taghipour1, Mahmoud Khalili1, Moussa Noghreian1, Ghodrat Toraby1 and Javad Ghanei2

Abstract : Kaj, Dashtak and Doab salt domes are located in Zagros Range. These domes are composed of some infracambrian - Cambrian igneous, sedimentary and evaporate rocks. A clinopyroxcene and plagioclase is the main mineral constituent of igneous rocks, they are formed in magmatic stage. Garnet has formed in hydrothermal stage (Fluids rich in CaO, Fe2O3 and SiO2) as veinlets. It's  formed in XCO2=0.6 and T=520oC (P=0.5kb) conditions. In the life time of garnet genesis, pressure reduction of hydrothermal system has probably caused an abrupt change in garnet composition as revealed by zoning. Based on mineralogy garnets belong to ugrandite series and they are andraite. Garnet in this rocks is in which Si4+=2.97, Al3+=0.173, Fe3+=2.072, Ti3+=0.002, Ca2+=2.92, Fe2+=0.002, Mn2+=0.055. 

 

 

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS

Study on variability of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. & Fern.) available in sagar region of Madhya Pradesh

A.K. Baronia*,  A.S. Mishra** and B.K. Mishra***

Abstract : Survey of the Sagar region was conducted at different forest sites to study variability of Chlorophytum borivilicrnum Sant. & Fern. Chlorophytum Ker-Gawl. Safed musli varieties collected from Behrole (CB-1 ), Dhamoni (CB-3), Tada (B-4) and from farmer’s field (CB-2) were grown in the field plots and various growth characteristics were recorded. fleshy root and dry root yield per plant was recorded highest for Cultivator’s musli (CB-2).

Key words : Variability, Chlorophytum sp., safed musli, medicinal plant.