Congestion Control in Computer Networks
Mukhdeep Singh¹, S.B. Singh² and Mayank Dave³
Abstract : Congestion control in computer networks means to improve the performance when demand for the finite transmission capacity exceeds the supply. Traditional TCP congestion control uses several algorithms for congestion control like slow start, additive increase and multiplicative decrease. Each of these algorithm controls the sending rate by manipulating a congestion window. Due to spread of networks and development of fiber technology, presently we need congestion control mechanisms for modern networks. This paper attempts to give an overview of congestion control and diffferent paradigms like TCP congestion control and fair queueing.
Index Terms: Congestion control, TCP, fair queueing.

An inventory model of constant production with exponential demand and constant deterioration with shortage
¹Abdul Kalam, ² Chandan Kumar Sahoo, ³S.K. Sahu and ⁴S.K. Sahoo
Abstract : In this paper we consider the constant production inventory model in which the demand and deterioration rate of a product are assumed to vary with exponential function of time. Shortages of a cycle are allowed to be back logged partially. We extend the results of S. K. Goyal and B. C. Giri to cover the case. The results are illustrated with the help of numerical examples by mathematical versions 5.
Key words : Production, demand, deterioration, partial time-dependent back logging, inventory.

Transient solution of a bulk retrial queueing problem
P.C. Garg and Sanjeev Kumar Bansal
Abstract : The present paper investigates a time dependent solution of a single channel retrial queueing system in which the units depart from the orbit in batches of variable size.Interarrival times,retrial times and service times are exponentially distributed.Time dependent probabilities of exact number of arrivals and departures from the orbit are obtained explicitly by solving the recursive equations.Marginal probabilities of the exact number of arrivals and departures from the orbit are obtained.Some particular cases of interest are also obtained.
Keywords : Retrial Queues, Probability, Bulk Service, Laplace Transformation.

Principal Components Based Techniques and Applications
Dinesh Kumar*, C.S. Rai** and Shakti Kumar***
Abstract : Principal component analysis is important method in multivariate statistical analysis. Its main idea is compression of dimensionality including variables and samples. It is popular unsupervised technique that is often used in pattern recognization for feature extraction. This paper aims to study the variants of principal Component Analysis. A comparison among all has also been given along with the applications.
Key words : Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Principal Feature Analysis (PFA), Recursive Principal Components Analysis (RPCA), Improved Principal Component Analysis (IPCA).

Slow flow past a swarm of porous approximate oblate spheroidal particles with Happel boundary condition
SATYA DEO¹ and PANKAJ SHUKLA²
Abstract : The solution of the problem of slow flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a swarm of porous approximate oblate spheroidal particles with Happel boundary condition is investigated. The Brinkman equation for the flow inside the porous region and the Stokes equation for the outside region in their stream functions formulations are used. As boundary conditions, continuity of velocity and surface stresses across the porous surface and Happel boundary conditions on the cell surface are employed. Explicit expressions are investigated for both inside and outside flow fields to the first order in small parameter characterizing the deformation. The drag force experienced by each porous oblate spheroid in a cell is evaluated. The dependence of drag coefficient on permeability for porous oblate spheroid in unbounded medium and for solid oblate spheroid as well as for perfect porous sphere in a cell on solid volume fraction is presented graphically and discussed. Some new results for drag experienced by solid oblate spheroid and for perfect porous sphere in a cell are reported. The earlier results reported are then also deduced from the present analysis.
Key words : Cell model; Stokes flow; Gegenbauer functions; Modified Bessel functions; Drag force. MSC (2000): 76D07

Bpr in employees provident fund organization
Ashok Kumar¹ and Priti Sharma²
Abstract : The Employees provident fund organization, India, is one of the largest provident fund institutions in the world in term of members and volume of financial transactions that it has been carrying on. The Constitution of India under "Directive Principle of State Policy" Provides that the State shall within the limits of its economic capacity make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old-age, sickness & disablement and undeserved want. The primary underpinning of any system development or initiative should be business process reengineering (BPR) involves a change in the way an organization conducts its business. BPR is the redesign of the organization, culture, and business process using technology as an enable to achieve quantum improvements in cost, time, service, and quality. Bureaus or agencies should consider BPR before requesting funding for a new project or system development effort. When BPR is applied to one or more related business processes, an organization can improve its products and services and reduce resource requirements. The results of a successful BPR program are increased productivity and quality improvements. BPR is not just about continuous, increment and evolutionary productivity-enhancement. It also utilizes an approach, which suggests scraping a dysfunctional process and starting from scratch to obtain larger benefits. In this paper we use the concept of BPR in Employee Provident Fund Organization (EPFO). The paper has been divided into two different sections. Section 2 deals with the deposit and section 3&4 deal for disbursement. Both the transactions are proposed online. In order to reduce the cost, time and to improve the quality of service.
Key words : Employee Provident Fund Organization (EPFO), Advantages.

Hydromagnetic linear stability on an inversely stratified shear flow
K. SUMATHI* and M. SHANTHI
Abstract : The stability of shear flow in an electrically conducting inversely stratified fluid (where the density increases upwards) using normal mode approach to linear stability is considered. The analysis is restricted to long waves. The effect of various parameters such as wave number, magnetic Reynolds number on the stability are discussed.

A Stochastic Model for Time to Seroconversion with Two Sources of HIV Transmission
R. Kannan, A. Ganesan, R. Sathiyamoorthi and G. Malarvizhi*
Abstract : This paper focuses on the study of a stochastic model for predicting the seroconversion time of HIV transmission using two sources of infection. The factor like homo or heterosexual contacts, use of unsterile needles, etc play a vital role to hasten the process of seroconversion. It is possible that on every occasion of sexual contact and using of unsterile needle, there is a possibility of HIV transmission and it is likely that more and more of HIV will be transmitted with the result that the contribution of antigenic diversity will be on the large scale. The antigenic diversity threshold level is one at which the breakdown of the immune system occurs leading to seroconversion. It is proposed to examine the impact of the exposure to two sources of infection on the expected time to seroconversion and its variance. Numerical illustration is provided using simulated data.
Key words : Human Immuno-deficiency Virus, Antigenic diversity threshold, Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome, seroconversion.

Unsteady free convection mhd flow and mass transfer with source/sink
S.N. Sahoo¹ and J.P. Panda²
Abstract : The unsteady free convection and mass transfer flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid bounded by a vertical plane surface has been studied in presence of a transverse magnetic field. The flow phenomenon is considered for the case when the plane surface absorbs the fluid with a velocity which fluctuates with the same frequency as that of temperature and a constant suction. The analytical expressions for velocity, temperature and concentration are obtained and the effects of the pertinent parameters of the velocity field are discussed.
Key words : MHD flow; mass transfer; conducting fluid, Source.

An optimal transportation algorithm (ota) with sensitivity analysis
N. S. Udoh¹ and P. E. CHIGBU²
Abstract : An optimal transportation algorithm (OTA) for the distribution of an available stock to its destinations at minimum cost was developed by the authors some years ago. In this work, we determine some post- optimality conditions of the OTA via performing some sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis of the OTA provides a measure of stability of the algorithm and saves one the effort of reworking a given problem in case of parameters' change provided the number of variables that eventually become infeasible is small.
Subject Classifications: Transportation/shipping: transportation algorithm. Inventory/production: sensitivity analysis.
Area of review: Industries

Construction of second order slope rotatable designs using a pair of dissimilar incomplete block designs
B. Re. Victorbabu
Abstract : In this paper, a new method of construction of second order slope rotatable designs using two suitably chosen dissimilar incomplete block designs like symmetrical unequal block arrangements (SUBA) with two unequal block sizes and balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) or pairwise balanced designs (PBD) and BIBD or PBD and SUBA with two unequal block sizes is suggested.

On almost product manifolds
S.K.MISHRA,* P.N.Aggrawal** and H.C.LAL
Abstract : Shukla¹ has defined different types of almost product metric manifold. In this paper, some properties of these manifolds have been discussed.

Two-warehouse inventory model without shortage for exponential demand rate and an optimum release rule
S.R. Singh¹, Rachna Kumari² and Neeraj Kumar³
Abstract : In this paper a mathematical model of the economic order quantity with two storage facilities for single item has been considered. The inventory system under consideration does not have sufficient space to accommodate the on-hand inventory. In such situation W units are stored at Own Warehouse (OW) and excess inventory is required to be kept in Rented Warehouse (RW). The holding costs at RW are higher as compared to OW. Withdrawal of items is first made from the stock of OW until the stock level drops to (W-k) units, where k<W. The stocks of RW are then withdrawn at a rate of k units per each transshipment to OW until the stocks of RW get exhausted. A complete solution is provided in this case.
Key words : Inventory, Two-warehouse, Exponential demand rate and Optimum release rule.

On **g-closed sets in topological spaces
MANOJ GARG* , SUSHIL KUMAR KHARE*, SHIKHA AGARWAL** and C.K. GOEL**
Abstract : In this paper, we introduce a new class of sets namely **g-closed sets which settled in between the class of closed sets and the class of g-closed sets then we study many basic properties of **g-closed sets together with the relationship of these sets with some other sets. As applications of **g-closes sets, we introduce some new separation properties, namely T_u-spaces, T_u*-spaces and aT_u-spaces. Further we introduce and study new types of continuity namely **g-continuity and **g-irresoluteness. Moreover we introduce and study **g-closed maps, pre-**g-closed maps, **g-homeomorphism and **gc-homeomorphism.
Key Words : **g-closed sets; T_u-spaces, T_u*-spaces; aT_u-spaces; **g-continuity; **g-closed maps; **g-homeomorphism.

The Web Now Knows What You Want
Dharminder Kumar*, Dharmender Kumar** and Rohit Verma***
Abstract : The past decade has seen the greatest phenomenon of all time: the Web. It is truly a communications superhighway with some 14.6% of the 6.5 billion world population, almost a billion souls, now using the Web - currently holding some 8 billion identifiable and indexed pages. During this time the Web has blossomed from isolated static pages of scientific papers to billion pound revenue dynamic marketing behemoths driven by teams of professional web developers whose collective duties culminate in a web presence made visible in the search engines. Web Searching is a huge online business, accounting for multi-billion pound annual sales, maturing along with the Internet to embrace not only the mechanics of search engine optimization but also evolving into an eminently viable professional marketing medium. Unfortunately, still the optimization of the web and their catering to the users' needs leaves a lot to be desired. It is not uncommon for a user to find the result he is looking for after skimming through a lot of irrelevant pages displayed by the search engine. This paper discusses a new concept to connect users to what they might be searching for; based on the comparison of the keywords they enter to the similar searches done by other users on that keyword in the past. By discussing the pros and cons of this new algorithm, its working, complexity in various situations and presenting an actual search webpage that may be integrated in practice with the algorithm, it gives a clear picture of the actual implementation of the concept discussed. By using this technique, not only a user may be able to decrease both the effort and the time required for the purpose, in the process locating new pages which may be previously unknown to the user, but also help the marketers target the advertisements, on the right clientele, developing better products optimized to the users' needs, thereby fulfilling the long held quest for developing one web search engine that caters to the needs of each and every user without compromising on its resources.

Jump Symmetric 3-Sigraphs
P. Siva Kota Reddy¹ and M.S. Subramanya²
Abstract : A triple (a₁, a₂, a₃), a_i Î{+, -}, 1£ i £ 3 is symmetric if a₁=a₃. A 3-sigraph (3-marked graph) is a graph G = (V, E) in which every edge (vertex) is labeled with a triple (a₁, a₂, a₃), a_iÎ{+,-}, 1£ i £ 3. A 3-sigraph (3-marked graph) is symmetric if every edge is labeled with a symmetric triple. In this paper, we define the jump symmetric 3-sigraph and we obtain a characterization of i-balanced symmetric 3-sigraphs that are switching equivalent to their jump symmetric 3-sigraphs.
2000 AMS Classification number: 05c22
Key words: 3-sigraphs, i-balance, switching, jump 3-sigraphs.

Peristaltic Transport of Visco-Elastic Rivlin - Erickson Fluid Through A Flexible Channel
D.V. Krishna¹, P.N. Rao¹ and P. Sulochana²
Abstract : In this paper we discuss the peristaltic transport of Visco-elastic Rivlin- Erickson fluid through a flexible channel, making use of long wavelength approximation. The perturbation analysis is carried out to obtain the velocity field, the streamlines, the pressure rise per wavelength and the stress. The phenomena of the reflux and the variation of the time average flux with pressure rise are discussed analytically in detail. The computational analysis has been carried out for drawing streamlines, velocity profiles are plotted for different sets of governing parameters.
Key words : Peristaltic transport, Visco-Elastic Rivlin-Erickson Fluid, Flexible Channel.

An Approach of Non-Homogenous Hidden Markov Model to Rainfall Distribution : Malaysia Case Study
NURFADHLINA ABDUL HALIM¹, WAN MUHAMAD AMIR W. AHMAD² and MUSTAFA MAMAT³
Abstract : Observation on the past research shown that the local rainfall process is highly correlated with the oceanic condition. This has motivated the effort to incorporate the atmospheric or oceanic data into the model to give a consistent and efficient simulation. In this research, a class of stochastic model namely the Non-Homogenous Hidden Markov Model (NHMM) has being used to explain the stochastic structure of the occurrence of high monthly precipitation condition in Terengganu, Malaysia on the sea surface temperature of the South China Sea. This class of model postulated the existence of hidden water states which serves as the link between the large scale atmospheric condition and the small scale local rainfall process. The hidden weather state process is assumed to be a Markov Chain in which the transition probabilities depend on the sea surface temperature pattern. Local rainfall process is assumed to be conditionally temporally and spatially independent given the weather state. Five stations in Terengganu which is Setiu, Besut, Ulu Kuala Terengganu, Kemaman and Dungun is chosen for this research. Together it is found that the main driven force of high monthly precipitation at five stations is the sea surface temperature at South China Sea.
Key words : rainfall distribution, sea surface temperature, NHMM

A note on an inventory mangement model for constant deteriorating items with shortages and a linear declining market
¹Pravat K. Sukla and ²Sudhir K. Sahu
Abstract : This paper considers a replenishment policy of deteriorating product where demand declines linear over a fixed time horizon. Deterioration is assumed to be a constant fraction of the total on-hand inventory and complete backordering of demand is assumed. Numerical results for complete backordering are provided and a comparison of policies is made. It is indicated that when shortage is allowed, the model leads to lower average total cost.
Scope and Purpose :- A deterministic lot-size inventory model for deteriorating items is presented. Market demand is assumed to decrease linearly and shortages are allowed, except for the initial and final period inventory. The purpose of this paper is to derive an optimal service level and the optimal number of replenishment. An analysis using a numerical example shows that the total cost is less when the new formula is used.

New generalization of homeomorphisms in topological spaces
Manoj Garg*, Asha Chauhan* and Shikha Agarwal**
Abstract : In this paper we introduce two new classes of mappings called gsy-homeomorphism and ygs-homeomorphism and shows that one of these classes has a group structure. Moreover, some properties of these two homeomorphisms are investigated.
Key words : Homeomorphism; gsy-homeomorphism; ygs-homeomorphism.

Threads and ultrafilters in r-proximity spaces
Sangita Srivastava and Sweety Agrawal
Abstract : In the present paper, using the concept of proximal regular covers of a R-proximity space X, the notion of proximal thread is introduced. It has been shown that a Xp-family x is a Xp-ultrafilter in R(X), the set of all proximal regular closed sets, if and only if x is a thread in RC(X), the set of all proximal regular covers of X.
Mathematices Subject Classification : 18 B 30, 54 B 17

(i,j) - Distance coloring and continuous joining of C_n type of graphs
K. Thiagarajan¹, S. Kathirmani², B. Harish³
Abstract : In this paper the authors define (i, j) - Distance Coloring for the connected graph G. The authors get after studying the (i,j) - Distance graphs for the continuous joining of Cn, the authors observe new results under (i,j) - Distance coloring scheme for the above mentioned graphs(which are available in figures 1,2,3,4 respectively.
Key words: (i,j) - Distance Graph, (i,j) - Distance Coloring, Bi-partite

More identities of the Rogers-Ramanujan type:
P. Rajkhowa* and Shaikh Fokor Uddin Ali Ahmed**
Abstract : In this paper, we derive some new identities of the Rogers-Ramanujan type related to modulo 11,13 and 30 using multiple summations.
Key words : Baisc Hypergeometric Series; q-analogue of Saalschutz Theorem, Jacobi's Triple Product Identity.

2-global and 2(i)-global dominating sets in graphs
B. CHALUVARAJU
Abstract : A dominating set D of a connected graph G = (V, E) is a 2-global (2(i)-global) dominating set of G, if D is also a dominating set of () of G. The minimum cardinality of such a set is called the 2-global (2(i)-global) domination number of G and is denoted by g_2g(G) (g_2(i)g(G)). In this paper, many bounds on g_2g(G) and g_2(i)g(G) are obtained and its exact values for some standard graphs are found. Also its relationship with other parameters are investigated.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05C69, 05C70.
Key words and Phrases: Domination, 2 - complement, 2(i)-complement, 2-global domination and 2(i)-global domination.

A note on characterization of extremally disconnected bitopological spaces
Mani Agrawal and C. K. Goel
Abstract : In this present paper, the authors have obtained several characte- rizations of extremally disconnected bitopological spaces, using the concept of (i, j)-preopen sets, (i, j)-semi-open sets and (i, j)-semi-preopen sets.
Key words and phrases: (i, j)-preopen, (i, j)-semi-open, (i, j)-semi-preopen, (i, j)-b-open and (i, j)-regular-open, (i, j)-extremally disconnected.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 54D10, 54C99, 54E55, and 54G05

A note on the construction of six level second order slope rotatable designs using symmetrical unequal Block arrangements with two unequal block sizes
B. Re. Victorbabu
Abstract : In this paper, construction of six level second order slope rotatable designs using symmetrical unequal block arrangements with two unequal block sizes is suggested

On an extension of a bilateral generating function of modified Jacobi polynomials
A. K. Chongdar and S. Alam
Abstract : In this article, we have obtained a novel extension of a bilateral generating relation involving modified Jacobi polynomials from the concept of quasi-bilateral (quasi-bilinear) generating function introduced by Chatterjea and Chakrabarty¹.
Key words: Quasi-bilateral generating relations, Jacobi polynomial.
AMS-2000 Classification Code: 33C65

A brief study of multi frames and super frames in Hilbert spaces
N. Gopal Reddy¹ and G. Upender Reddy²
Abstract: The synthesis and analysis operators play an important role in many different signal processing applications. Here these operators have been defined and presented their applications. The concepts of multi frame and super frames are given. The super frame concept is observed to be useful in multiplexing of signals.
Key words : Frames, Multi frames, Super frames, Encoding-Decoding scheme.

Fixed point theorem for weakly compatible mappings and its application to best approximation theory
Anil Rajput*, S. K. Malhotra** and Yogesh Mujumdar***
Abstract : In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem of Gregus type in Banach spaces and give application of our theorem to best approximation theory. Our theorems improve the results of Gregus⁶, Jungck⁹ and pathak, cho and kang¹² and extended the results of Sharma & Deshpande¹⁵.
Key words : common fixed point, weakly compitable mapping, best approximation.
Subject classification : AMS 54 H25, 47H10

Elastico-viscous mhd flow through a porous medium bounded by a vertical porous plate
ALOK DAS and ALIUL HAQUE
Abstract : The steady free convective MHD flow of an elastico-viscous fluid through a porous medium, occupying a semi-infinite region of the space bounded by a uniformly moving infinite veritcal porous plate in presence of a magnetic field with constant heat flux has been investigated. A uniform magnetic field and the suction velocity applied normal to the plate. The regular perturbation technique has been used to obtain governing equations with Eckert number as perturbation parameter. The coefficient of skin-friction has been calculated at the plate and the results are expressed in tabular forms for different values of the visco-elastic parameter. The expression for temperature distribution has also been calculated and presented graphically for several sets of values of the various parameters involved in the problem.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 76A05, 76A10.
Key words and phrases: Elastico-viscous, Free Convection, Porous Medium, Skin-friction, Nusselt number.

Majority Domination and Domination Parameters of Graph Complements
J. Joseline Manora** and V. Swaminathan *
Abstract : Domination concept has been used in many practical situations. It serves as a model for the constitution of executive bodies the members of which may have contacts with all other members. In decision making process sometimes it may not be necessary to have the consent of all but a majority opinion will do. To model such instances, we have introduced majority domination. In this paper we discuss the relationship that majority domination has with domination/(total) domination of complements of a graph. Let G be a graph with p vertices. Let g(G), g_M(G), g_t(G), g_c(G) and g_pr(G) be the domination number, majority domination number, total domination number, connected domination and paired domination number respectively. In this paper, we characterize graphs for which (g_M(G))^-1+ (g_t())^-1 = 3/2, (g(G)^-1 +(g_M())^-1 = 2 and (g_c(G))^-1 + (g_M())^-1=1 and so on.
Key words : Domination number, Majority domination number, Total domination number
AMS Subject Code : 05C69.

Numerical solution of free convection flow along a vertical plate with heat flux in presence of transverse magnetic fleld
ROHIT KUMAR GEHLOT¹ and S.S. TAK²
Abstract : The steady free convection boundary layer flow along semi-infinite vertical plate, with variable heat flux, in presence of variable transverse magnetic field has been studied. The similar solution of the governing partial differential equations with the boundary conditions have been obtained by assuming that surface heat flux and transverse magnetic field both vary along the direction of the plate. The resulting non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions have been solved numerically on computer using Newton's shooting technique. The numerical values of f"(0) and q (0), which corresponds to local surface shear stress and local surface temperature are presented in Table 1. It is found that the effect of magnetic field is to decrease the local surface shear stress and to increase the local surface temperature. The velocity and temperature profiles have also been drawn for different values of the Prandtl number and magnetic field parameter and discussed in detail in section-3.
Key words : Steady Free Convection, Boundary Layer Flow, Transverse Magnetic Field.

Unsteady flow of visco-elastic [oldroyd (1958) model] liquid through porous medium between two infinite co-axial right circular cylinders
Ravindra Kumar¹, A.K. Sharma² and K.K. Singh³
Abstract : The aim of the present paper is to investigate the unsteady oscillatory motion of visco-elastic [Oldroyd⁹ model] liquid through porous medium between two infinite co-axial right circular cylinders when both the cylinders execute simple harmonic motion along the common axis of the cylinders. The amplitudes and frequencies have been taken different for both the cylinders. Some particular cases have also been deduced.

A study on the effect of process parameters on surface quality and material removal in oxygen assisted CO₂ laser cutting of mild steel
B.J. Ranganath¹ and K.J. Muralidhara²
Abstract : Carbon dioxide lasers find extensive use in different domains of metal cutting industry. CO₂ lasers are capable of delivering high output powers of the order of 8kW. High spatial coherence of laser beam is useful to cause intense local heating . This property is very much useful for metal cutting. The extreme heat generated by the laser affects the characteristics of the machined surface. In the present paper the effects of controlling process variables such as laser power, assist gas pressure and cutting speed on the material removal rate and surface finish are studied using artificial neural network. 3-D surface plots and contour plots are used to study the interdependence of process parameters. These plots are found to be useful to determine the optimal values of laser power, assist gas pressure and cutting speed to achieve better surface quality.

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