Abstract of Volume 21(3), 2009

An Introduction to Emerging Reversible Logic Technology and It's Applications
R.K. Tiwari and H.P. Shukla
Abstract : In the recent years, reversible logic has emerged as a promising technology having its applications in low power CMOS, Quantum Computing, Nanotechnology and Optical Computing. Mostly in every Computing Systems bit information is either erased or changes its status every time it performs a logic operation. This erasure is done very inefficiently and heat is dissipated in each bit of erasing. Energy efficient digital circuits used in computing systems are being developed using Reversible Logic Technique. In this paper concepts of various reversible logic gate has been described which may be used as building blocks of digital circuits used in computing system.

Key word : Reversible Logic, Computing System, Digital Circuit, Reversible Logic Gate

Comparative study on the thermal performance of wick type and step type solar stills
*Rachel Oommen and ** A. Anuradha
Abstract : The need of the hour in places where portable water is scarce is solar distillation. In the present work, a comparative study on the thermal performance .of the step type solar still and wick type solar still is carried out. Numerical analysis has been carried out by making use of temperatures of water, glass, basin and ambient and the performances of both the stills are compared. Efficiency of the still is found to be in the range of 10-25 % (wick type) and 20-40 % (step type). Physical and chemical analysis of the water samples have been done. Cost-benefit analysis has been carried out and found that the amount spent on the system could be recovered in three years. The distilled output is found to vary from 47-817ml (wick type) and 82-1258ml (step type). Step type still is found to be better in performance than the wick type still.

Vibrational analysis of 2-halopropenes
S. Sampath Krishnan and D. John Thiruvadigal
Abstract : The vibrational analyses of 2-halopropenes are carried out by Redington's method The vibrational analysis comprises the solving of 14 x 14 and an 7x 7 inverse vibrational problems to determine the force field. The force field thus obtained is utilized to evaluate the other molecular constants such as the mean square amplitudes of vibration. The results are compared with those obtained by the earlier workers.

Key words: Vibrational analysis of polyatomic molecules, Force field studies.

Strong Cylindrical Shockwaves under the influence overtaking disturbances
Manoj Yadav and Devendra Singh Chauhan
Abstract : Inclusion of effects of disturbances behind the shock waves moving in uniform and non-uniform medium modifies the approximate method used to investigate their propagation. Using modified CCW Method an attempt has been made to study the propagation of strong cylindrical shock waves including the effect of disturbances behind the shock through an ideal and rotating gas at permissible shock front locations for an arbitary initial density distribution of the form, say, = log(1+lr), where is the density at the axis of symmetry and l is non-dimensionalyzing constant.The numerical estimate of the flow variables have been computed at only on those values of propagation distance r which are permitted by the entropy distribution condition. The result obtained has been presented through graph and compared with the earlier work.

Key words : Cylindrical shock wave, rotating gas, overtaking disturbances

Acoustical study of some amino acids in binary aqueous solutions of MgCl₂×6H₂O at 298.15K
R. PALANI A. PACHAIKKANNU and K. KABILA
Abstract : Ultrasonic velocity (U), density (r) and viscosity (h) have been measured for three amino acids viz., L-serine, L-leucine and L-histidine in aqueous magnesium chloride solution at 298.15 K. Using the experimental values, the adiabatic compressibility (b), hydration number (n_H), apparent molal compressibility (j_K), apparent molal volume (j_v), limiting apparent molal compressibility (), limiting apparent molal volume (), and their constant (S_K,S_V ), transfer volume () and viscosity A and B coefficients of Jones-Dole equation were calculated for all the ternary systems. All these results have been interpreted in terms of solute- co-solute and ion-solvent interactions in the given solution.

Key words: ultrasonic velocity, apparent molal volume, hydration number, transfer volume.

Key words : Differential pair, CMRR, Transconductance, Slew Rate

Electrical conduction in trivalent nickel and chromium zirconates
Kanchan Gaur and Satyendra Singh
Abstract : The electrical conductivity (s) and Seebeck coefficient (S) of trivalent Nickel and Chromium zirconates are measured in the temperature range 500-1200K. It has been concluded that chromium zirconate undergoes a phase transition at 790 and nickel zirconate at 750K. In certain temperature ranges log s and S depend linearly on T^-1. It is shown that conduction mechanism in these solids is essentially band type with O^2- : 2p and M³⁺ : 4s (transition metal 4s) bands as valence and conduction band. Energy band gap and mobility of the charge carriers have also been evaluated.

Key words : Electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, energy band, mobility.

Development of Small-Signal Amplifiers by Placing BJT and JFET in Darlington Pair Configuration
Satyendra Nath Tiwari, Beena Pandey, Arvind Kumar Dwivedi and SachchidaNand Shukla
Abstract : Darlington pair amplifier in CC/CE configuration is a useful amplifier circuits for low voltage signals. First time we have proposed two distinct modifications in CC/CE Darlington pair amplifier by replacing one of the BJT of pair from FET and by including an extra biasing resistance R_P. We observed that one amplifier produce high voltage gain with improved bandwidth while another produces extremely wide bandwidth with consistent voltage gain. Such amplifiers with distinct behavior may be very useful for amplification of small signals in mid frequency or wide frequency bands.

Key words : Small signal amplifiers, Darlington amplifiers, Basic Electronic Circuits.

Excess thermodynamical properties of ternary organic liquid mixtures at 303, 308 and 313K
R. PALANI * A. PACHAIKKANNU and A. ANNA SAGAYA BERNADETH
Abstract : Ultrasonic velocity (U), density (r) and viscosity (h) measurement have been carried out in three ternary liquid mixtures of chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, bromobenzene with N,N, Dimethyl formamide (DMF) and aniline at 303, 308, 313K. The experimental data have been used to calculate adiabatic compressibility (b), free volume (V_f), and Gibb's free energy (DG). The excess values of the above parameters and Grunberg-Nissan interaction parameter 'd' have been calculated and discussed in the light of intermolecular interaction in the mixtures.

Key words: ultrasonic velocity, adiabatic comperessibility, free volume, Gibb's free energy.

Pulsing VLF hiss emissions observed at low latitude Indian ground station Jammu
J. Singh, Shyampati and Lalmani
Abstract : The pulsing hiss emissions recorded during daytime in the frequency range of 50 Hz - 15 kHz at low latitude station Jammu (geomag. lat. = 22^o 26^/ N; L = 1.17) are reported. The reported pulsing VLF emissions is a rare phenomena at low latitudes and the spectrograms of pulsing VLF hiss emissions clearly show band limited spectrums regularly pulsing with almost equal period of the order of few seconds in the frequency range of ~ 3 to 8 kHz. Generation and propagation mechanism of these emissions are briefly discussed.

Key words : Quasi-periodic pulsing hiss; VLF Hiss; waveguide mode.

Identification of Geomorphic Features Using Remote Sensing Technique In And Around Ratlam Region, Madhya Pradesh, India.
B. K. Singh
Abstract : This paper present the importance of remote sensing data for identification of geomorphic features pertaining to Ratlam region located in Madhya Pradesh. Geologically, Ratlam area constitutes a part of Malwa Plateau belonging to the Deccan Volcanic Province ranging in age from Upper Cretaceous to Eocene.

Based on the visual interpretation of the satellite data four geomorphic units have been recognized. These are alluvial plain, lava plain, buried lava plain, and lava plateau. The characteristic features of various geomorphic units are of valuable aid in delineation of favourable water yielding bodies in the Ratlam area.

Evaluation of hydrogeomorphic environment for groundwater prospects in parts of Burhanpur District, Madhya Pradesh (India)
Seraj Khan
Abstract : Hydrogeomorphic landforms always bear direct or indirect relationship among the various parameters controlling occurrence and movement of groundwater. So, for better planning and management of groundwater resources, study of hydrogeomorphic environment is proven essential and helpful to delineate the groundwater prospect zones. The present study is aimed to delineate groundwater potential zones evaluating hydrogeomorphic environment for future development and management in the area. The satellite image of IRS-1D (LISS III+PAN of October 2002) has been used to delineate the hydrogeomorphic units integrating ground truth data with field checks. The different hydrogeomorphic units identified using remote sensing data are dissected plateau, denudational hill, pediplain, alluvial plain and bazada. Pediplain, Alluvial plain and Bazada show good to excellent groundwater while remaining units represent very poor to moderate groundwater prospect.

Key words : Hydrogeomorphic, Burhanpur, satellite image, bazada and groundwater potential zone.

Key wards: Mimosoideae family trees, Dielectric constant, Dielectric loss, Electrical conductivity,

Hydrochemical characterization of ground water in Balaghat town, Madhya Pradesh (India)
*RAVI MURKUTE¹, SHAILESH UKEY² and SERAJ KHAN³
Abstract : This work presents the hydrochemical characterization of groundwater occurring in Balaghat town, M.P., lying between 21⁰48' and 21⁰50' N latitude and 80⁰09' and 80⁰13' E longitude. The study is based on the hydrochemical analysis and interpretation of samples collected from representative localities. The results are presented in terms of their specific use for drinking and agricultural purposes. Based on analysis certain parameters like electrical conductivity, salinity hazard, sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, chloro-alkaline indices have been calculated. The results of hydrochemical analysis of the water samples show that all the physico-chemical constituents are within permissible limit for drinking purpose as well as irrigation purposes in the study area

Key words : Balaghat, drinking, irrigation purpose, SAR

Arbitrary angular momentum solutions of the Schrödinger equation for Hellmann potential energy function using Maclaurin's expansion and Nikiforov Uvarov method
B. I. Ita
Abstract : The arbitrary angular momentum solutions of the Schrödinger equation for a diatomic molecule with Hellmann potential energy function, has been presented. The energy eigen-values and the corresponding eigenfunctions are calculated analytically by the use of Maclurin's expansion and Nikiforov Uvarov method.

Key words : Arbitrary angular momentum, Hellmann potential, Maclaurin's expansion, Nikifarov Uvarov method, Energy eigenvalues, Energy eigenfuctions, Diatomic molecules.

Mixed-ligand Organometallic complexes of Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) with Triphenylphosphine and 2-mercapto -3-butyl quinazoline-4-one
R.N. Pandey* and Rajnish Kumar Singh
Abstract : Mixed-ligand organometallic complexes of Rhodium (1) and Iridium (1) with triphenyl phosphine and 2-mercapto -3-butyl - quinazoline - 4 - one have been prepared and characterised using various physico - chemical techniques. Square planar configuration for rhodium (I) and square Pyramidal structure for Iridium (I) complexes have been tentatively assigned using IR, UV - vis and PMR Spectral data.

Key words : Organometallic complexes. Ir(1), IR, UV-vis, ¹H NMR

Flow of a second order fluid over an inclined porous plate
CH.V. Ramana Murthy¹ and *K.R. Kavitha²
Abstract : The unsteady state flow of a visco elastic fluid of second order type over an inclined porous plate is examined, taking into account of a uniform tangential force in terms of Heaviside's unit step function which acts on the free surface for a finite interval of time with different angles of inclination of the plate and gravitational pull into consideration. The decrease in the fluid velocity during the initial length of the plate is in accordance with the natural law of absorption. When the void space is fully saturated, due to the presence of the gravitational force and partly due to the inclination of the plate the fluid velocity increases at a rapid rate only in the later part of the plate.

Key words: Second order fluid, porous boundary, visco elasticity of the fluid.

A physico-chemical assessment of the river Ganga at Varansi (U.P.) (India)
Sujata Dubey*, A.K. Gupta** and D.V. Singh***
Abstract : Varanasi (25⁰18' N and 83⁰1' E) is an ancient city situated on the left bank of river Ganga. Various physico-chemical characteristics of river Ganga flowing inVaranasi were studied in the summer, winter and rainy seasons. Ecological parameters like Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.), pH, Nitrate, Phosphate, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.) and Temperature were analyzed and compared with standard permissible limits to assess the best designated use of the river water for various purposes. The important sources of pollution in the river Ganges include discharge of raw sewage at different Ghats, the disposal of dead animals and human bodies, the garbage coming from household activities, discharge of faecal matters etc. Raj Ghat is the main sewage disposal point of the Varanasi city.

The physico-chemical analysis shows higher value of B.O.D. and lower value of D.O. at Raj Ghat and Assi Ghat. Ganges water was found to be rich in Nitrate and Phosphate contents, Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand were found to be two important parameters, which showed strong correlation with several other parameters and hence can serve as good indices of river water quality.

Key words : Water quality parameters, Ganga water pollution.

IRS P6 L4 MX Satellite Data and GIS Analysis in Demarcation of Groundwater Possible Zone - A Study in Upper Manimuktha Sub Basin, Tamilnadu, India
Gurugnanam. B.¹, Suresh. M.¹, Vinoth. M.¹, Senthil Kumar. M.¹ and K. Dharanirajan²
Abstract : The study aims at preparing the geomorphology and Top soil resistivity maps with spatial distribution elements through Geographic information technology for groundwater zones. ERDAS image processing and Arc GIS software is used for studying groundwater possible zone demarcation. The work was done in parts of Manimuktha sub basin, central Tamil Nadu, India. Seventy five vertical electrical sounding (VES) surveys were carried out in the study area. The field data were interpreted by curve matching technique in RESIST software. The software is used to determine the top soil resistivity and thickness. These results were taken into GIS environment to prepare the top soil resistivity spatial distribution map and Geomorphology map (satellite data source). The geomorphological map was prepared from IRS P6 L4 MX satellite data using vectorisation processes in ERDAS. Then these maps were overlaid one over the other. A total of 56 various combinations were derived for hydrogeomorphological map, presenting the spatial distributions of individual elements. Finally it is concluded that the best zone is located in buried pediments shallow with <10 Ohm.m combinations is groundwater possible zone.

Key words: Remote sensing, geomorphology, GIS (Geographical Information System), Spatial distribution map.

Emission characteristics of high speed spark ignition engine with catalytic converter
M.V.S. Murali Krishna¹, K. Kishor², A.V.S.S.K.S. Gupta³, D.N. Reddy⁴ and S. Narasimha Kumar⁵
Abstract : Carbon mono oxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC) are major pollutants emitted from spark ignition engine, which are hazardous and cause health problems to human beings and hence control of these pollutants call for immediate attention. Experiments are carried out for controlling the pollutants from a variable- compression ratio, spark ignition engine with gasoline fitted with catalytic converter containing sponge iron catalyst. The influence of catalytic converter parameters such as void ratio, amount of air injected into the catalytic converter, temperature of injected air on these emissions at different speeds and compression ratios of the engine is studied. The speed of the engine has marginal effect, while load and compression ratio have strong influence on reduction of pollutants. Air injection drastically decreased the pollutants, which is further pronounced with the rise of temperature of injected air. The engine with catalytic converter decreased the exhaust emissions considerably when compared to conventional engine without catalytic converter.

Key words: Catalytic coating- spark ignition engine-pollutants-catalytic converter-air injection.

Study of electrical transport in V₂ZrO₅ and Mn₂ZrO₅
Kanchan Gaur and Satyendra Singh¹
Abstract : This paper reports results of electrical conductivity (s) and Seebeck coefficient (S) measurements on the pressed pellets of V₂ZrO₅ and Mn₂ZrO₅ in the temperature range 500 - 1200 K. It has been found that these compounds are almost insulators. In general log sT vs T^-1 as well as S vs T^-1 plots yield two linear temperature regions. The sign of S indicates the charge carriers are electrons in the studied temperature range. The studied zirconates undergo a phase transition at 810 K and 785 K respectively. The conduction mechanism in these solids in intrinsic band type with O^2-: 2p and M³⁺ : 4s bands as valence and conduction band. Energy band gap and mobility of the charge carriers have also been evaluated.

Key words : Electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, Zirconates, Conduction mechanism, mobility.

Petrography of Lakadong limestones occurring in and around Mawsynram, East Khasi District, Meghalaya (India)
P. K. Das¹ and P. Barthakur²
Abstract : Petrographical study of the Lakadong Limestone member of Shella Formation (Jaintia Group) was carried out for identification of different constituents, mineralogical classifications and to decipher depositional environment. The limestone includes fossils, pellets, odites and intraclasts as allochem microcrystalline calcite and sparry calcite. The limestone is represented as sparry allochemical limestone and biogenic pellet limestone. This biogenic rock contains more than 3.1 pellet ratio. Hence it is also known as Biosparrude. In physical character, limestone is mostly packstone and boundstone types. Moreover, non-ferroan calcite is dominant in the limestone.

The process of cementation consists of chemical deposition of sparry calcite. Both equigranular and inequigranular fabrics are present in the limestone. The major diagenetic processes worked on the limestone include solution, cementation, neomorphism and pressure solution. Strained calcite, vein, vug, stylolite are the notable microstructure present in the limestone. In the limestone, aggrading neomorphism is common.

The petrographic studies indicate that deposition of carbonate sediments took place in a quiet water marine basin (lagoon type).

Key words : Petrography, Lakadong Limestone, Meghalaya.

Effects of chemical reaction and mass transfer on mhd unsteady free convection flow past an infinite vertical plate with constant suction and heat sink
J. Gireesh Kumar*, P.V. Satya Narayana** and S. Ramakrishna***
Abstract : This paper presents the investigations on the influence of chemical reaction and mass transfer on magneto-hydrodynamic unsteady free convective flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid past an infinite vertical plate through porous media in the presence of constant suction and heat sink. Numerical solution for the flow problem has been obtained by solving the governing equations using multi-parameter perturbation technique. The results are obtained for velocity, temperature and concentration. The effects of various material parameters are discussed on flow variables and presented by graphs.

Key words: MHD, Chemical reaction, Unsteady, Vertical Plate, Sinks, Constant Suction, Porous Media.

Modified CCW Description for the Motion of Cylindrical Shock in Self-Gravitating Rotating Gas
*S. Kumar, M. K. Rana** and A.K. Gautam
Abstract : Effects of overtaking disturbances behind the flow have been included in CCW^1-3 approach for the motion of diverging cylindrical shock in a self-gravitating rotating gas, simultaneously for weak and strong cases. Taking initial density distribution (i) and (where r' is the density at the axis of symmetry, 'l' is a non-dimensionalising constant and w is a constant), the analytical expressions for flow variables have been derived representing Free Propagation(CCW Description) and eod on CCW^1-3 results. Permissible shock front locations have been obtained ensuring the validity of this study for density increasing and decreasing regions, as well.

Key words: Effects of overtaking disturbances; , .

Study of Interplanetary Disturbances Effect on Geomagnetic Field
Ambika Singh^b, Avanish Shrivastava^a, Priyanka Dubey^a, and Anil Kumar Tiwari^b
Abstract : The solar output and its variations have been quantified by several interplanetary parameters generated for near earth space at 1 AU. Earlier studies had established the relative role of the solar wind speed, as well as the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field in generating magnetic field disturbances.

The high speed solar wind streams were studied and sorted for solar cycle 22 &23 on the basis of strict selection criteria. In the study period of solar cycles 22 and 23, a total number of 294 high-speed solar wind stream (HSWS) events have been sorted out in which 116 HSWS events were observed in solar cycle 22, whereas 178 HSWS events have been observed in solar cycle 23. 93 HSWS events were registered to be flare-generated stream events where as 201 HSWS events are registered to be coronal hole associated stream events during the whole period of solar cycles 22 and 23. It is observed that larger numbers of the HSWS events occur during the descending phases, whereas minimum number of HSWS events is observed in the ascending phases of solar activity cycle.

High-speed solar wind streams are found to be significantly effective in producing geomagnetic field disturbances. Flare-generated HSWS events are found to be more effective in producing large geomagnetic disturbances in both solar cycles (22 & 23).

Frequency of occurrence of HSWS events and sunspot number in the ascending phase of the solar cycles 22 and 23 are positively correlated, while in the maximum, descending and minimum phases of solar cycles (22 and 23) anti-correlation is observed. We find that the plasma electric field (VB) is the most effective parameter for producing larger geomagnetic disturbances.

Key words: Solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, geomagnetic field.

Vibrational analysis of N-acetylthiourea
S. Sampath Krishnan, R. Kumutha^#, N.R. Sheela and S. Muthu
Abstract : A Theoretical force field for the molecular vibration of

N-acetylthiourea (C₃H₆N₂OS) has been determined from ab initio calculation at the Density Functional Theory, using the B3LYP basic sets (6.31G). The reliability of force field is analyzed by calculating the Vibrational frequencies. The frequency calculated from the force field are utilized critically examine the experimental assignments in acetylthiourea compounds. Theoretical geometry, the calculated IR intensities are analyzed.

Key words: Molecular Structure, Vibrational Spectroscopy, DFT studies-Acetylthiourea.

Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Kaempferia rotunda L.
MOHD. ASPOLLAH HJ. SUKARI¹, NEOH BEE KEAT², TANG SOOK WAH¹, Sugeng Riyanto³, NORDIN HAJI LAJIS¹ and GWENDOLINE EE CHENG LIAN¹
Abstract : Phytochemical study on the rhizomes of Kaempferia rotunda originated from Yogyakarta, Indonesia has led to the isolation of crotepoxide, benzoic acid, tetracosanoic acid, b-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Tetracosanoic acid and benzoic acid have never been reported for this species previously. Bioactivity studies on the extracts and isolated compound (crotepoxide) were carried out. Extracts and crotepoxide from K. rotunda were not active against HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemic) cell line in cytotoxic testing. However, the non-polar extract demonstrated moderate inhibition in antimicrobial assay whereas in FTC antioxidant testing, all extracts exhibited strong activity as compared to vitamin E.

Key words : Kaempferia rotunda, Zingiberaceae, antioxidant, antimicrobial

Effect of equimolar solution of NaOH and NaCl on the corrosion rate of Al 6061/Zircon metal matrix composites
A. Abdul Jameel¹, H.P. Nagaswarupa²* and P.V. Krupakara³
Abstract : In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to examine the effect of different concentrations of sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride on the corrosion properties of zircon reinforced Al 6061 metal matrix composites. Zircon particles with size 50-80µm have been introduced into the Al alloy by vortex technique. The alloy and the composite were subjected to weight loss corrosion test. The corrosion rate of the alloy is found to be higher than the composites. It has been further noticed that corrosion rate of composite decreases with increase in zircon particle content.

Key words : corrosion rate, zircon, composite

Chemical Constituents from Rhizomes of Zingiber Cassumunar (Zingiberaceae)
M.A. SUKARI¹*, M.Z. AZID¹, P.A. SOH¹, M.S. HO¹, G.C.L. EE¹, A.B. ABDUL² and N.A. ALI³
Abstract : Phytochemical studies on rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar have yielded one phenylbutenoid, (E) - 4 - (3', 4'-dimethoxyphenyl) but-3-en-1-yl acetate (1) and 3, 4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (2). The compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS).

Key words: Phenylbutenoid, Zingiber cassumunar, Zingi-beraceae

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