Abstract of Volume 22(1M), 2010

Off-design performance prediction by mathematical modeling of 225 KW horizontal axis wind turbine rotor
Nilesh Diwakar¹, Siraj Ahmed² and V.K. Sethi³
Abstract : This paper present a compute based method of determining of off-design peek performance characteristics of horizontal axis wind turbine, new method based on analytical approach and an experimental verification based on reading taken from wind farm at Jamgodrani Dewas in Madhya Pradesh located at 76°10'E longitude and 22°59' N latitudes at the height of 560 m above mean sea level. The theoretical method of performance prediction is based different strip theory, in which a blade is divided into 100 radial elements. The blade chord, its twist and its elementary power co-efficient at each station were determined. The iterative process required for the convergence of speed interference factor and for maximization of power coefficient. The design process begins right at maximum power point, rather than searching of point of maximum power and then doing the computations. Analytical approach and an experimental verification of 225kW turbine come out 620.82 kWh and 487.56 kWh power generated respectively.

Deming 14 principles implemented on Technical education
Namish Mehta¹ , Prakash Verma² and Nitin Seth³
Abstract : In the past decade, quality improvement initiatives continue to be established in all service industries like education, banking, healthcare, telecommunication, transportation etc. Such initiatives are necessary as quality improvement programmed is directed towards satisfying the needs and wants of service users. Education like other service industry will also aim to meet the needs and wants of its service users. In this paper the 14 principles of Dr. W. Edwards Deming, which form a framework for the implementation of the Total Quality Management (TQM), are individually applied to the academic environment. The purpose behind this paper is to understand 14 principles of Dr. W. Edwards Deming and their relation with Technical education.
Key words: Total Quality Management, Service sector, Deming principle

Fiber optic interferometric refractometer for the study of variation of refractive index of sodium chloride with concentration
R.S. Kasana** and Arvind Kumar Deshmukh*
Abstract : A technique for the study of variation of refractive index of liquid has been reported in this paper. The proposed approach is superior to the existing ones because of its significant role in the industry, instrumentation, optical and chemical engineering etc. The fiber optic interferometric refractometer consist of fiber optic probe, a bottom sided fully silver polished plano parallel glass plate, a rectangular temperature controller cell filled with liquid, photodiode detector, and digital millimeters etc. The fiber optic probe is immersed into the measuring liquid. The light from the fiber optic transmitter is coupled into the transmitting fiber. After the multiple reflection of light from the plano parallel glass plate equally distanced narrow and dark fringes are develop in to the reflected region of light. The intensity of fringes is collected by the receiving fiber and forwarded to the detector and digital millimeter. The output intensity is measured by changing the position of fiber optic probe and the measurement carried out for the various concentration of sodium chloride and compared the result.
Key words: fiber optic, Refractometry, Refractive Index.

Statistical Effect of Toxicity of Cadmium Chloride on Glycogen Content in Lebistes Reticulatus
Sabiha Khan* and Sanjay Jain**
Abstract : The biochemical content like glycogen was estimated quantitatively in the tissue liver and kidney of control and cadmium chloride treated fish. The experimental fish were exposed to higher and lower sub lethal concentration (one-tenth and one-third of the 96hr LC₅₀ value) of cadmium chloride for 15, 30 and 45 days at 35^oC. In both the tissues a significant reduction in glycogen level has been observed on the 45^th day of exposure using statistical F test.
Key words : Toxicity, Lebistes reticulates, sub-lethal concentration, F test.

Variations of Microwave Penetration Depth with Moistness of the Soil of Different Textures in View of Remote Sensing
V. K. Gupta and R. A. Jangid
Abstract : The real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity of soils of different textures are calculated at a single microwave frequency 9.78 GHz and at room temperature 330C by wave guide cell method. In the view of active and passive microwave remote sensing, penetration depth for the microwaves within the moist soils of different textures is estimated treating uniform soil moisture profile for near surface soil layer. This was observed that penetration depth has the negative correlation with soil moisture content and hardly depends upon the texture at low soil moisture contents (SMC). Penetration depth decreases as clay portion in the moist soil increases and this effect becomes more significant at higher moisture levels. Further, attenuation or power loss per unit length of the moist soils of different textures is also estimated. Power loss per unit length of the moist soil for the microwave propagation increases as the SMC increases. Further, attenuation also depends on the texture of the soil.
Key words : Active and passive microwave remote sensing, dielectric constant, penetration depth, soil moisture content.

Study of large geomagnetic storms and long-term variations of different solar drivers observed during 1997-2007
D.P. Singh Chauhan¹, D.P. Tiwari¹ S. K. Pandey², A.K. Tripathi³ and S.C. Dubey^3#
Abstract : A set of 90 large geomagnetic storms, associated with D_st (decreases of more than 100 nT) observed during 1997-2007, have been analysed. The analysis included various characteristics features as well as seasonal and solar cycle dependence of these storm events. Out of selected 90 large geomagnetic storm events, 57% are sudden commen-cement type and rest 43% are gradual commencement type. In the present investigation, we have analyzed in detail all halo CMEs occurred during solar cycle 23. On the basis of investigation of 354 halo CMEs and 90 large geomagnetic storms (D_st £ -100 nT), it is concluded that population of halo CMEs and their average speed increases during solar maximum and their occurrence generally follow the phases of solar cycle. Out of selected 90 large geomagnetic storms occurred during solar cycle 23, 56 large geomagnetic storms are associated with halo coronal mass ejections. Long-term variations of flare index variability and global Ap have also been discussed during present analysis.
Key words : Geomagnetic storms, Coronal mass ejection, Disturbance storm time (D_st), Solar cycle

Productivity Improvement of Coal Mines Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Thirupati Reddy G.¹ , K.S. Rao² and Ujwal Kumar Behera³
Abstract : Coal accounts for 50% of total commercial energy supplied in India. The rising demand for coal and the inability of the domestic coal production to meet the demand is a challenging task to improve the productivity and reducing cost. Productivity improvement and cost control have become key objectives of Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) coal mines in recent years. This paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique which can aggregate the input and output components in such situations for obtaining an overall performance measure. Selected various coal mines in SCCL and calculated relative efficiencies of mines by using DEA analysis .This paper focus on finding out bench marking of coal mines and ranking of coal mines based on efficiency scores using Constant Return to Scale (CCR) model of DEA analysis. Discussed and analyzed the improvement areas of in-efficient coal mines.

Electronic properties of A^IB^IIIC₂^VI ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors
DHEERENDRA SINGH YADAV
Abstract : The electronic properties viz. bond ionicity and heat of formation of A^IB^IIIC₂^VI ternary semiconductor compounds with chalcopyrite structure are investigated using Phillips and Van-Vechten's dielectric theory^27-29 of solids. The values of homopolar energy gap, heteropolar energy gap and average energy gap have been evaluated for these materials. Using these parameters, Phillips ionicity of the bonds AC and BC is evaluated and is used to determine the heat of formation (-DH_f) for these materials. The presently investigated values of (-DH_f) are found in good agreement with the experimental data and reported literature values.
Key words: Bond ionicity, Heat of formation, A^IB^IIIC₂^VI ternary chalcopyrites.

Mixed ligand complexes of Valine and Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) by Paper electrophoresis
Shashi Agarwal* and Satyendra Singh**
Abstract : Paper electrophoresis has been used to determine the stability constants of mixed complexes. The present work is an extension of the method and reports results on a mixed system. Th(IV), Cr(III) and Al(III) - NTA - Valine.
Key words : Paper electrophoresis stability constant, mobility, mixed complex.

Exposure to Time Varying Electric and Magnetic Fields: Take a chance with Health
B.D. Shrivastava¹, A. Mishra² and Ravindra Barde³
Abstract : Environmental exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields has been steadily increasing as growing electrical demand; ever-advancing technologies and changes in social behaviors have created more and more artificial sources. This article attempts to present the rationales of devices, which produce electromagnetic radiation and explain the health hazards of electromagnetic radiation exposure. We also present some preventive measures that can reduce the risk of these hazards.

Visible spectrophotometric methods for estimation of Mizolastine in pharmaceutical formulations
A. Sreelakshmi^*1, G. Devala Rao² and G. Sudhakara Sai Babu²
Abstract : Mizolastine is an antihistamine drug. Two simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of Mizolastine in pure state and in its pharmaceutical formulations. The developed Method A is based on the reaction between drug and 1, 10-phenanthroline with ferric chloride and ortho phosphoric acid to form a colored chromogen and it shows maximum absorption at l _max 510 nm and Linearity in the range of 100-500 µg/mL. Method B is based on oxidation of the drug in the presence of ferric chloride followed by complex formation with bathophenanthroline. The developed chromogen in Method B shows maximum absorption at l _max 615 nm; Linearity in the range of 50-250 µg/mL. The results obtained were statistically evaluated and were found to be accurate and reproducible.
Key words: Mizolastine, Spectrophotometric, MZL.

Chromium pollution in the groundwaters of an industrial area in and around Tumkur city, Karnataka, India
M.S. Rudresha¹, R. Jeevan Kumar², K.V.S.G. Rao³ and Manjunath⁴
Abstract : The present study attempts to capture the environmental impacts of industrial effluent irrigation from a tanning industrial cluster. In the recent years, groundwater in the study area forms the mainstay of domestic water supply source for meeting the community needs. But the threat of chromium contamination in the ground waters is looming large over the study area. In view of this, it is of paramount importance to look for and to evaluate the chromium levels in the drinking waters of the area and assess their status of potability in the light of the criteria laid by Bureau of Indian standards (B.I.S) Chromate poisoning causes severe skin disorders such as allergic dermatitis and liver and kidney damage. There is considerable evidence that chromium is carcinogenic. Forty ground water samples were identified for sampling and chromium analysis, from the area covering about 1.2 Sq.Km, in and around the industrial cluster. The analysis reveals that 57.5% of the samples are non-potable due to the presence of excess chromium and the results show that there is a definite correlation between the ill health faced by the residents of the area and ground water contamination.
Key words : Chromium Pollution, Ground Water quality, Irrigation water quality

MHD flow past an impulsively started infinite vertical porous plate with heat transfer
U.S. RAJPUT and SURENDRA KUMAR
Abstract : Radiation effect on mixed convection along a vertical plate with uniform surface temperature was studied by Hossain, M. A. and Takhar, H. S.¹. Soundalgekar, V. M. and Takhar, H. S. considered semi-infinite vertical plate and studied the Radiation effects on free convection flow². Similar problems were also studied by other researchers³,¹². Our aim is to study radiation effects on impulsively started infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of variable temperature. The temperature of plate is made to rise linearly with time. The fluid of our flow model is considered as gray, absorbing-emitting radiation but non- scattering medium.
Keywords: Radiation, Convection, Variable temperature, Heat transfer, Porous media.
MS Classification 2000: 78A40, 76R99, 80A20 , 76S05.

"A study of relation between Coronal Mass Ejections and cosmic ray intensity variation"
BRIJESH KUMAR MISHRA¹, R.K. TIWARI², SARABDEEP KAUR³ and PANKAJ K. SHRIVASTAVA⁴
Abstract : In the present study, we investigate the relationship between Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) and Cosmic ray intensity (CRI) variation on long-term basis. In this work, we extend the effects of CMEs rates on cosmic rays for the solar cycle 23. To carry out the study, we take all Coronal Mass Ejection data of LASCO during the period of solar cycle 23. From the analysis, we observed a good relationship between occurrence rate of CMEs and cosmic ray intensity variation.

Ultrasonic and viscometric studies of Silymarin, Rifampicin in 1, 4 dioxane at 303 k
A. N. Sonar¹ and N. S. Pawar²
Abstract : Ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity have been measured for substituted heterocyclic drugs Silymarin, Rifampicin in 1, 4 dioxane at 303 k.. The measurement have been perform to evaluate acoustical parameter such as adiabatic compressibility (bs), Partial molal volume (f_v), intermolecular free length (L_f), apparent molal compressibility (f_k), specific acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA), salvation number(Sn), limiting apparent molal compressibility (f⁰_k), limiting apparent molal volume(f⁰_v) and their constant (S_k,S_v). The viscosity coefficient (A,B) evaluate by using johndole equation. These parameter throw the light on the solute-solvent interaction and solute-solute interaction.
Key words : Ultrasonic velocity, viscosity, adiabatic compressibility.

Radiation characteristics of Pentagonal Microstrip Antenna in Weakly Ionized Plasma Medium
Manoj Kumar
Abstract : Theoretical investigation has been carried out to evaluate the effect of plasma medium on the radiation characteristics of pentagonal microstrip antenna. The pentagonal microstrip antenna has been mapped on to circular patch. For this purpose the vector potential and scalar potential have been utilized to get the impressions for the electric field and magnetic field. The collision frequency has also been taken into account. It is observed that there is significant change in the radiation characteristics of pentagonal microstrip antenna. The radiation becomes more omini directional in half space with decreasing value of plasma frequency.

Structural Study of One-Phase Microemulsions of a Nonionic Surfactant
Anil Kumar*, Raja Ram Rai, Richa Sharma, Kaushalendra Kumar^# and Birendra Kumar Singh
Abstract : Phase behavior and structures of one-phase microemulsions of Triton X -100+1-penanol (1:5 molar ratios)/ cyclohexane/ brine have been studied by a combination of techniques such as crossed polaroid microscope, conductivity, viscosity and quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS). Two distinct isotropic one-phase microemulsion regions have been observed in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. One isotropic single-phase microemulsion region exists in the water corner and the other one appears in the upper portion of the phase diagram which touches oil and surfactant vertexes. Electrical conductivities, viscosity and QELS measurements have been performed to locate the sub-regions in the single-phase microemulsion region. These measurements reveal that structural changes from water-in-oil microemulsion via bicontinuous structure to an oil-in-water microemulsion occurs with increase in weight fraction of water, f_w. The sizes of the microemulsion droplets was determined by QELS and were found in the range of 14-31 nm in the middle of the phase diagram. In the upper portion (at f_s> 60) of the phase diagram, the structure of microemulsion droplets is unclear.
Key words: Surfactant, co-surfactant, microemulsion, microstructure, micelles, phase behavior, phase diagram, Triton X-100, 1pentanol, QELS, conductivity, viscosity.

Strong hydromagnetic cylindrical shock waves under the influences of overtaking disturbances
Manoj Yadav and Chandra Kant Baluni
Abstract : Inclusion of effects of disturbances behind the shock waves moving in uniform and non-uniform medium modifies the approximate method used to investigate their propagation. The numerical estimates of the flow variable have been computed at the permissible shock front locations. The result has been presented through graphs and compared with the earlier results also²³.

Hydromagnetic flow through porous medium of elastico-viscous fluid over a porous plate
J. P. Panda*, Narayan Dash** and G. C. Dash*
Abstract : In this paper we have considered an electrically conducting fluid exhibiting the character of elastico-viscous over a porous plate. The surrounding medium is packed with a homogenous porous matrix. The analytical expressions for the velocity, temperature are presented. The effects of various physical parameters such as magnetic parameter M, elastic parameter Rc, Porosity parameter Kp and rotational parameter E and Rarefaction parameter R are studied with help of graphs.
Key words: Hydromagnetic, Porous medium, elastico-viscous.

Delineation of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing techniques in and around Raisen distirct, Madhya Pradesh, India
Shubha Bhargava¹, V.L. Punwatkar² and H.U. Usmani³
Abstract : Water is the most important natural resource which forms the core of the ecological system. The advent of remote sensing has opened up new vistas in groundwater prospects evaluation. The study area is part of Raisen district which is part of Betwa river sub- basin. The groundwater prospects evaluation in Raisen has been attempted based on mapping of the area constituting geology, lineament, geomorphology using IRS-1C LISS III and LANDSAT data. The integrated hydrogeomorphological map of the study area reveals that groundwater potential in delineated landforms such as infilled valleys and lineaments come under good to very good, shallow buried pediplaines and denudational hill come under moderate and structural hills, linear ridges and escarpments are under poor category. The present study shows that integration of all attributes provide more accurate result in groundwater potential zones identification.

A novel potential of Eichornia crassipes as an anti-inflammatory agent
Huma Ali¹*, Janak Ahi² and N. Ganesh¹
Abstract : There are no experimental reports on anti-inflammatory activities of Eichornia crassipes in literature. In this article, we report for the first time, the efficiency of Eichornia crassipes extract in the treatment against inflammation. The methanolic extract of Eichornia crassipes leaves were investigated for the evaluation of their anti-inflammatory potential on carrageenan-induced paw oedema in Wister rats. Leaf extract of Eichornia crassipes in dose 200mg/kg (P < 0.05) and 500mg/kg (P < 0.01) on orally administration gave significant reduction of rat paw oedema at all assessment times. The Eichornia crassipes leaf extract showed maximum inhibition of 52.54% at the dose of 500mg/kg after 4 hrs. Where as the standard drug showed 62.38% of inhibition. These observations revealed that Eichornia crassipes has significant anti-inflammatory property.
Key words : Anti-inflammatory activity, Eichornia crassipes, carrageenan-induced paw oedema.

Geomorphologial studies in parts of Agra District, U.P., using remote sensing and gis techniques
Liaqat A. K. Rao¹, Ziaur Rehman Ansari¹*, Seraj Khan², Mohmmad Sadique¹ and Alia Yusuf¹
Abstract : In the present study an attempt has been made to delineate and characterized various geomorphic unit in part of the Yamuna river basin, around Etmadpur area of Agra district, Uttar Pradesh. The drainage, contour and delineated geological units have been overlaid on IRS-1D-LISS-III imagery (bands 2, 3 and 4) to delineate and characterize different geomorphic units. The information generated from the satellite data in the form of vector layers has been used in GIS to generate geomorohological map of the study area. The various geomorphological units viz; ravinous land, sand bar, younger alluvium, paleochannel, older alluvium, recent flood plain, older undulating surface have been delineated. The study area is characterized by alluvium (an admixture of gravel, sand, silt and clay) of the Quaternary age deposited over the rocks belonging to the Vindhyan Supergroup. The present study demonstrates that IRS-1D-LISS-III data in conjunction with drainage and contour parameters enable a detailed evaluation of various geomorphological units in order to utilize for evaluation and management of natural resources.
Key words : Geomorphology, Agra, Yamuna River, satellite image.

Unsteady free convection MHD flow of a second order fluid between two heated plates in a porous medium
J. P. Panda* and J.K. Mohapatra**
Abstract : The unsteady free convection flow and mass transfer of an electrically conducting second order fluid between two heated vertical plates under the action of transverse magnetic field has been studied. We have considered the flow of an incompressible second order Rivlin Ericksen electrically conducting fluid between two plates. The solution for the fluid velocity, the temperature and the concentration have been obtained analytically. The skin friction and heat flux are also found. The effect of pertinent parameters such as Grashof number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, Schmidt number etc. which characterize the flow, heat and mass transfer phenomena have been studied with help of graphs.
Key words: MHD flow, free convection, unsteady, mass transfer, second order fluid.

Photoluminoscence. XRD and SEM Studies of Chemically Deposited Undoped and La, Pr Doped (Cd - Pb) S Films
Purna Bose
Abstract : The present paper reports results of photoluminescence emission spectra, photoluminescence and temperature dependence of photoluminescence brightness of chemically deposited (Cd-Pb)S, (Cd-Pb)S:NaF, (Cd-Pb)S:NaF, La and (Cd-Pb)S:NaF, Pr doped films. Along with these results of X-ray diffraction and SEM studies have also been presented and discussed.
Key words: Photoluminiscence, chemically deposited, doped, undoped, temperature dependence.

Magneto-hydrodynamic unsteady laminar flow of higher order visco-elastic fluid through porous medium in a right circular cylinder
Ravindra Kumar¹, K.K. Singh² and A.K. Sharma³
Abstract : The aim of the present paper is to investigate the unsteady laminar flow of a conducting higher order visco-elastic [Oldroyd (1958) model] fluid through porous medium in a right circular cylinder under the influence of an uniform magnetic field applied perpendicular to flow of fluid i.e. in the azimuthal direction. The problem has been solved in the generalised visco-elastic model and the velocity field has been derived analytically in the closed form. The particular cases corresponding to first order visco-elastic Oldroyd, Maxwell, Rivlin-Ericksen models and ordinary viscous fluids have been derived for velocity field. Numerical work has been done and tables are given for particular case I Oldroyd visco-elastic liquid of first order. Graphs have also been plotted for the same, to visualise the physical situation of the flow of liquid.
Key words: Magneto-Hydrodynamics, Visco-Elastic of higher order, Unsteady, Porous medium, Right Circular cylinder.
MSC 2000: 76A10, 76S05, 76W05

An empirical approach of solar cells for maximum efficiency
G. Krishna Sarma¹ and M. Srinivas²
Abstract : The mathematical modeling of the characteristics of solar cell materials by considering several factors like material properties, geometrical parameters, shape factors and other environmental variables is described in this paper. An equation based on certain assumptions to simulate the real operating conditions is formulated to the performance of a solar cell. The graphical plots for Carnot efficiency are obtained for different permutations and combinations to indicate the reasons for actual operating conditions, prevailing environmental conditions and also material properties of a solar cell.
Key words: Solar cell, Mathematical modeling, Shape factors, specific heat, temperature, wavelength.

Effects of variable viscosity & thermal conductivity on steady laminar free convection flow of an electrically conducting fluid along a porous hot vertical plate in the presence of heat source/sink
G. Borah¹ and G.C. Hazarika²
Abstract : Steady Laminar free convection flow of an electrically conducting fluid along a porous hot vertical plate in the presence of heat source/sink under variable viscosity & thermal conductivity is investigated. The problem is studied numerically, applying Runge Kutta Shooting method. The velocity and temperature distribution are shown graphically. It is observed that the variable viscosity & thermal conductivity effects are significant on the problem."
Key words: Free convection, incompressible viscous fluid, Porous Medium.
AMS Subject Classification No. 76-XX

MHD Unsteady Natural Convective Walter's Memory Flow through Porous Medium with Variable Suction and Heat Sink
*Navin Kumar, Sandeep Gupta and Tanu Jain
Abstract : A Study of unsteady MHD free convective Walter's memory flow of a viscous incompressible fluid through a porous medium past an infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of heat absorbing sink has been made. The porous plate absorbs the fluid with variable velocity. Approximate solutions of governing equations of flow have been derived using successive perturbation technique. The velocity and temperature distributions are derived, discussed and their profiles for various values of physical parameters are shown through graphs. Also, the coefficient of skin-friction and Nusselt number at the vertical porous plate are calculated for various values of physical parameters and presented through table.
Key words : Walter's memory fluid flow, heat sink, variable suction, MHD.

Analysis of the characteristics of the leachate at waryana Jalandhar (India)
E. Johal¹, M.K. Jha² and M.S. Saini³
Abstract : Solid waste management has become a major environmental issue in India. India is generating approximately one lac tonnes of solid waste everyday of which 90% is dumped in the open place. The population growth and economic development has increased the municipal solid waste generation which in return generates Leachate. Leachate is the liquid that seeps from landfills and its quantity and quality depends mainly on the composition and types of solid waste dump along with many other factors like, moisture content, size, density, precipitation, land filling techniques etc. Leachate stream running directly into the aquatic environment have both acute and chronic impact on the environment which may be very serious and can severely diminish bio diversity and greatly reduce population of sensitive species. This paper is an attempt to deal with the studies which are carried out to investigate the amount of Total Solids (TS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Leachate Pollution Index (LPI), pH and different metal concentrations in the leachate sample of Waryana, Jalandhar (Punjab) and are compared with the standard values.
Key words: Leachate, TS, TDS, BOD, COD, LPI.

Interrelationship between hsws events plasma temperature and proton density
Anil Kumar Shrivastava¹, Ambika Singh², Priyanka Dubey¹ and Anil Kumar Tiwari²
Abstract : Significant positive correlation is observed between solar-wind speed and plasma temperature (monthly average) the best positive correlation is found in the minimum phases of both the solar cycles 22 & 23. Significant negative correlation is observed between solar-wind speed and proton density (monthly average while the best negative correlation is found in the minimum phases of solar cycles 22 & 23.
Key words : Solar wind, proton temperature, proton density.

Investigating the modelling capabilities for freeform geometries using I-DEAS:A case study of a mobile handset
Atif Aziz
Abstract : The paper investigates the capabilities of I-DEAS Mechanical Computer Aided Design software (MCAD) on the modelling of artefacts which have got freeform geometry. Freeform geometry is the geometry which uses curves and surfaces, which is not made up of Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) such as cubes, spheres, and cylinder. To achieve this, an object having a freeform geometry i.e. a mobile handset was chosen, as the geometry of mobile handset is quite typical and challenging and commonly used in day today life. This was done by reviewing the freeform geometry of mobile handset which is being used in industry. After the modelling was complete the mobile handset was rendered. The modelled mobile handset in the software was used to produce a stereo lithography (STL) file format and given for manufacturing or prototyping. In I-DEAS the objects can be manipulated at any time during modelling using the history access and also the modelled objects can be manipulated after stitching . The production of STL file format in I-DEAS of the completed objects take less time.

Determiantion of stability constants of Th(IV), Fe(III) and Al(III) binary complexes with Histidine by ionophoretic method
Shashi Agarwal^* and Satyendra Singh^**
Abstract : Stability constants of ML, ML₂ and ML₃ type binary complexes of Th(IV), Fe(III) & Al(III) - Histidine system as determined by ionophoretic method are reported.

An Investigation of the Effect of PCM Capsule Material on the Thermal Energy Storage System
R. Meenakshi Reddy^1*, Nallusamy. N², K. Hemachandra Reddy³ and G. Ramachandra Reddy⁴
Abstract : To bridge the gap between supply and utilization of solar thermal energy storage (TES) systems are developed. The TES systems using both sensible and latent heat storage systems are gaining much attention because of its advantages like high energy storage in a unit volume and its isothermal behavior during the charging and discharging processes. The experimental investigation is done to analyze the effect of phase change material (PCM) capsule material on the performance of TES system during charging and discharging processes. The PCM capsules are spherical in shape and its outer diameter is 68mm. In the process of investigation the spherical capsules are made using three different materials viz. i) High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE), ii) Aluminum (Al) and iii) Mild Steel (MS). The PCM material used in the experiments is paraffin (type II). The TES system is coupled with flat plate solar collector. The experimental investigation showed that the charging and recovery of storage energy is less affected by the spherical capsules material. The variables like charging time and discharging quantity are varied around 5% for the different capsule materials. Even though Aluminum thermal conductivity is much higher than HDPE and mild steel, its influence on performance of TES system is very less due to very high internal heat resistance of PCM material stored in the spherical capsules.

Key words: aluminium, HDPE, mild steel, PCM, TES.

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