Abstract of Volume II

The Pollution History of Some Trace elements as Recorded in the Sediment Core of Matang Mangrove Forests, Malaysia
KAMARUZZAMAN, B. Y, ROSNAN, Y and RAZARUIIDIN, I.
ABSTRACT : Accumulatian of element Ba, U, Cd and Mn with depth were determined in a 100 cm core sediment obtained from the mangrove forests of Matang, Malaysia. The sedimentation rate was determined using an artificial horizon marker method and an average sedimentation rate of about 1.08 cm/yr was obtained. Their vertical profiles were comparably high and varied widely in the surface layer and only showed little variation in the deeper dopth. The high vsriations in the surface layer might be caused by the climatically-induced changes in the sedimentation rates. However, the relative low concentrations of some in the vertical profiles might be due to the low productivity during that period and/or probably due to the dilution of the biogenic matter with very high amounts of terrigenous material transported by the river nearby. In order to assess the influence of heavy metals pollution more precisely, enrichment factors (EF) were calculated. In this study, U and Cd at the surface depth have EF value significantlygreater than unity and may therefore be considered to be dominantly anthropogenic in origin and whereas Ba, Mn and Cd at the deeper depth which have values about unity are oonsidered to be dominantly terigenous in origin.

Minimization of Pollution by CKD in Cement Industries using Fuzzy Theory
W. B. VASANTHA, N. R. NEELAKANTAN* and S. Ramathilagam
ABSTRACT : Cement kiln dust (CKD) emits nitrogen, carbon etc. that are pollutants of the atmosphere and the waste dust affects the smooth kiln operation of the cement industry system and it reduces the production of clinker quality. Hence the minimization of waste in kiln is an important one in the cement industry. The control of the waste CKD in a kiln is an uncertainty. Researchers approach this problem by mathematical methods and try to account the waste CKD in a cement kiln. But, most of their methods do not praperly yield results about the waste CKD in kiln, Further, the control of the waste CKD in kiln is a major problem for this alone can lead to the minimization of atmospheric pollution by the cement industry. So in this paper we minimize the waste CKD in kiln and account for the waste CKD in kiln using fuzzy control theory and fuzzy neural networks.
Keywords : Fuzzy control theory, fuzzy neural network, cement kiln dust
Speciation of Cu, Pb and Zn in sediments of Ibai Estuary, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Noor AZHAR, M. S., KAMARUZZAMAN, B. Y., ROSNAN, Y. and NOR ANTONINA, A.
ABSTRACT : A study on the speciation of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) using the sequential extraction method in sediments were analyzed in 7 stations along the estuary of Ibai River. In this study, the extraction data shows an increased in potential bioavailability of Cu, Pb and Zn and the major accumulative phases observed for the heavy metals studied were Fe/Mn oxides, organic and residual fractions respectively, even though, the relative impoatance of metals for each phases varied individually. Results revealed that Cu was strongly associated with organic and residual fractions in all the sampling periods. Pb was found associated with all the extractants while Zn was found associated with Fe-Mn oxides, organic and residual fractions in all the sampling periods, respectively. As Pb is observed to be associated with all the phases studied, therefore, the sediments in the estuary of Ibai River may be polluted with this heavy metal.
Oil Pollution Forecating Trajectory Model from RADARSAT Image
MAGED MARGHANY
ABSTRACT : This study utilized the integration between Doppler frequency shift model and Fay’s algorithm to detect the oil slick spreading pattern. The Study shows that the slick length are effected by tidal current V component with maximum velocity of 1.4 m/s. This indicates that oil slick trajectory path is moved towards the north direction. The oil slick parcels are accumulated along the coastline after 48 hrs.

It can be said that, RADARSAT HH polarization can imagine the oil slick by using the entropy texture algorithms. The forecasting of oil spill trajectory movements can be detected by integration between Fay’s algorithm, entropy texture algorithm and Doppler frequency shift model.

Nickel, Arsenic and Manganese Concentrations in some Commercial fish species from the Arabian Gulf
IBRAHIM N. AL-SUWITI1 and IAN M DAVIES2
ABSTRACT : Concentrations of contaminants in fish are considerable interest because of potential effects on the fish
themselves, as well as on other organisms that consume them. In this article, samples of liver, gill and muscle
tissues from Lethrinus lentjan (shekhaili, pink ear emperor), Epinephelus microdon (hamoor, camouflage grouper) and Siganus rivulatus (shei'rii, marbled spinefoot) were collected from Arabian Gulf in the estern portion of the Saudi Arabia, and analysed for trace metals (Ni, As and Mn). The highest concentrations of these metals were found in the liver of all of the fishes. Ni was present in the higher concentrations then Mn and As in all three species and also in all of the tissues analyzed.

The results indicated that Ni, As and Mn concentrations were generally within normal anges for the three species found in this area indicating no evidence of significant anthropogenic contamination. The concentrations do not present a risk to the health of consumers.
Key words: Arabian Gulf, Fish, Nickel, Arsenic, Manganese, Tissue.

Oil Slick Detection Methods from RADARSAT Image
MAGED MARGHANY
ABSTRACT : This paper presents work done for oil spills detection along the coastal waters. The interest among the consumers is automatic detection of oil spills. The main objective of this study is to develop an automatic model
for of oil spills detection. This model includes several types of algorithms, which are helpful for oil spill detection. The model consists of texture analysis, Lee and Gamma algorithms. The results showed that texture analysis such as contrast analysis could be used to discriminate between oil and water. The Lee algorithm has been used to determine the linearity of oil movements, while the Gamma algorithm hss been used to determine the oil apill spreading.

In conclusion, the texture anatysis, Lee and Gamma algorithms can be good modules for automatic detection of oil spills by using SAR data. This will be more useful for rapid detection and illustrative for educational purposes.
Simulated Acid Rain Exposure on Triticum aestivm var. Rnj. 3077 and its Impact on Growth and Physiological Parameters
SONIA RAJ, SHIKHA DEVPURA, DEEPIKA M. SOLOMON and T. I. KHAN
ABSTRACT : Pot experiments were performed to determine the effects of simulated acid rain on Triticum aestivum var. Raj. 3077, an important cereal crop plant. Observations were taken thrice (at pre-flowering, pak-flowering and
post-flowering) during the tenure of exposure. The plants of Triticum aestivum var. Rsj. 3077 tolerated the simulated acid rain axposure down to pH 1. Below this pH level plants succumbed at pH 0.5. Root and Shoot lengths and dry weights were reduced due to lowering in pH level. Chlorophyll content, Carbohydrate, Protein and Nitrogen content were also significantly affected.
Acid Mine Drainage and its Management in Indian Coal Mines - A Status Paper
S. SIDDHARTH*, A. JAMAL and R. RAKESH SHUKLA1
ABSTRACT : Coal mining operations expose relatively large areas of roak to the action of the environment, as a result of this, various types of soluble and suspended impurities are liberated and introduced in the flowing water and subsequently degrades the water bodies to a great extent. Among various environmental consequences associated with coal mining, Acid Mine Drainge (AMD) is one of the most intractable problems all ovar the world related with coal and metallic sulphide deposits. Now, there is a wide acceptance that AMD is both the most serious environmental problem caused by coal mining industry and is one of the greatest environmentally related technical challenges.
This paper focuses on the various aspects of AMD, its formation, factors responsible for AMD generation, impact on water quality and the application of overburden geochemical information in formulation of a field applicable management plan for its mitigation.
Impact of textile waste water on Solanum melongena var-F1-Hybrid Kanhaiya in pot experiment with special emphasis on analysis of Heavy metals
T. I. Khan, Richa Marwari and N. Singh
ABSTRACT : In this study Sanganer town, Jaipur iss sselected ass study area. Ssolanum melongena plant material harvested at pre flowering, peak flowering and post flowering stages in a laboratory experiment using five different levels (Distilled Water. Waste Water) of texile waste water was analyzed for chlorophyll content, protein content, % nitrogen content and heavy metals. Root length, shoot length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were also determined. After the crop havesting plant material contained 1.188 mg/g dry wt. of Zn, 0.766 mg/g dry wt. of Cu, 0.401 mg/g dry wt. of Ni, 0.197 mg/g dry wt. of Cd, 0.596 mg/g dry wt. of Cr, 0.899 mg/g dry wt. of Pb, 0.195 mg/g dry. wt. of Co in the plants treated with the highest ratio of distilled water and waste water. After the crop harvesting the soil was found to contain 1.417 mg/g of Zn, 1.003 mg/g of Cu, 0.378 mg/g of Ni, 0.378 mg/g of Cd, 0.773 mg/g of Cr, 1.139 mg/g of Pb and 0.427 mg/g of Co in the soil of Pots treated with highest ratio of distilled water and waste water.
Sludge Granulation in Lab Scale UASB Reactor based on Starch Effluent
I. A. ANSARI and M. M. JOGI
ABSTRACT : The present study hogs a light on the granulation of sludge during treatment of starch based effluent in lab scale USAB reactor and at plant level. A recognizable and substantial granulation could be schieved in lab scale model with significant removal of BOD. However this granulation could not be simulated at plant level though a reduction in BOD was at par with the model efficiency. At a specific loading of 4 kg COD/m3/d, 70-74% of influent COD and 80-85% of BOD were removed with a specific yield of biogas beieg 0.44 m3/kg COD removed.
Keywords: Sludge granulation, Organic loading rate, COD, BOD

Effect of nitrate input on the release of phosphorus from a tropical lake sediment
A.H, ANSARI* and SUNIL KUMAR S.
ABSTRACT : The present study was carried out to determine the effect of nitrate input on the phosphorus exchange across the sediment water interface of a tropical lake. Aeorobic, undisturbed and resuspended sediment cores showed increased release of Total Phosphorus (TP) and SRP with increases in the addition of nitrate, while anaerobic, undisturbed and resuspended sediment cores showed a decreasing trend in the release of TP and SRP with increased concentration of nitrate.
Key words : Sediment core, aerobic, anaerobic, undisturbed, resuspended, phosphorus release.

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